<div>Background: Livestock&nbsp;genetic diversity studies focus on their within and diversity, breed history, adaptive variations, ancestral information, site of domestication and parentage testing and assess the genetic uniformity, admixture or subdivision, inbreeding, or introgression in the population which is helpful in breed formation and their sustainable utilization. 
&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Methods: The present research work was conducted during the year 2016-17 at National Bureau of Animal Genetics Resources, Karnal-132001. STR data of 25 markers on 1237 random samples of 27 goat populations was used for analysis. The genetic diversity analysis of new population &nbsp;viz: Narayanpatna, Raighar, Kalahandi, Malkangiri of Odisha state and Rohilkhandi (UK) and their association studies with other Indian goat breeds was performed. 
 
Result: It was found that used markers are highly polymorphic- and the studied breeds/population showed great diversity and distributed mostly on the basis of physio-geographical condition and type of production but among new populations diversity was least which might be due to exchange of animal for breeding purposes. The studied new goat populations were well differentiated from other goat breeds which might be due to physio-geographical condition and breeding practices, so these may be considered as separate breeds/populations. In conclusion, the results showed high level of conserved genetic diversity in the Indian goat breeds. The smaller and isolated new population showed less diversity and a higher inbreeding level as compared to registered breeds.</div>

<div>Genetic Diversity Analysis among 27 Indian Goat Populations using Microsatellite Markers</div>

Background: Chilli is one of the commercial spice crops. It is widely used as universal spice and named as wonder spice. Various cultivars/varieties are grown for different uses like raw vegetable, pickles and spice condiments. But quality and quantity are main problems of the chilli cultivation which needs to addresses. 
 
Methods: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of phytohormones on quality and yield traits of chilli cv. CH-27. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with two phytohormones viz.&nbsp;GA3&nbsp;@ 25, 50, 100, 150 ppm and NAA @ 25, 50, 100, 150 ppm. 
 
Result: Significant variations were recorded various parameters. Plant height was highest with GA3 @ 50 ppm while better spread was highest in NAA @ 50 ppm. It was interesting to note that maximum leaves appeared when the plant was sprayed with NAA @ 150 ppm. Similarly, the number of branches was the highest in case of GA3 @ 150 ppm. Above all, control treatment showed the earliest 50% flowering (almost) in comparison to other treatments. Improved fruit set was noted in NAA@ 100 ppm. Fruit characters viz. weight, length and the diameter of the fruit including yield per plant were significantly improved with NAA @ 50 ppm treatment. Concerning quality, the highest amount of ascorbic acid was recorded in GA3 @ 50 ppm. Non-significant results were obtained in case of capsaicin content.

Impact of Some Phytohormones on Chilli cv. CH- 27 (Capsicum annum L.)

<div>Background: Tinggong is an indigenous rice variety in Aceh Province known for its excellent cooking quality and tolerance to adverse climatic conditions such as drought. However, this local rice has a long lifespan ranging from 150-160 days and is susceptible to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB). 
&nbsp; 
Methods: To improve the performance of Tinggong, the variety was cross-breed with the isogenic line IRBB27 which confers Xa-27 and sd-1 genes. The inheritance of both of these genes and the changes in their agronomic character and the resistance to Xoo were analyzed in the F3 progenies to identify the presence of both Xa-27 and sd-1 genes in the F3 progenies and the implication of their phenotypic characters. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The results showed that 58.33% of progenies inherited both Xa-27 and sd-1 genes. Of these, 4 progenies consisting #T5, T6, T29 and T30 are the potential to develop as they show both genotypic and phenotypic improvement. The 4 progenies produce earlier (116-120 days after sowing) with plant height 109-128 cm and more resistance to Xoo (lesion length 2.08-2.42 cm), the weight of grains per hill reached 26.24-34.12 g or yield potential (10.40-43.55%) higher compared to their parent Tinggong.</div>

Marker-assisted Breeding and F3 Progenies Characterization for Improving Local Rice Variety &ldquo;Tinggong&rdquo;

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) member of the family Alliaceae, quality planting material is one of the major inputs to successful crop production. Planting spacing is the systematic evaluation of the farm area or any growing surface for crop production.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern on morphology and physiology variables of two garlic cultivars an experiments was conducted as a factorial based randomized block design with three replications in research field of Gonbad-e-Kavous University during 2016-2017. The factors were included seven planting patterns (12.5&times;12.5, 15&times;15, 17.5&times;17.5, 20&times;20, 22.5&times;22.5, 25&times;25 and 27.5&times;27.5 cm) and two garlic cultivars (Tarom and Hamedan) and the measurements were phenology bulb yield, harvest index, biological yield and quality parameters (total phenol, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and allicin). 
 
Result: The highest bulb yield (19014.4 kg ha-1) was recorded in planting pattern 12.5&times;12.5 cm that obtained from the Hamedan cultivar. The highest and lowest of total phenol content ranged from 10.43 mg/100 g (27.5 &times; 27.5 cm) to 8.50 mg/100gr (12.5 &times; 12.5 cm). The antioxidant activity varied from 85.20% (27.5 &times; 27.5 cm) to 77.59% (12.5 &times; 12.5 cm). The results also showed that Hamedan cultivar had a higher bulb yield, total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant activity than Tarom cultivar. The minimum days to 50% leafing (24.16 days), days to 50% bulb initiation (74.50 days) and days to 50% maturation (152.83 days) observed in planting pattern 12.5&times;12.5 cm treatment.</div>

Effect of Planting Pattern on Physico-chemical Properties of Two Garlic Cultivar

<div>Background: The pre and post-weaning mortality in broiler rabbit limits the production potential and lower the income generation through rabbit farming. Therefore, mortality pattern of animals in a farm is very essential clue for future strategy to combat the incidences of various diseases and prevention. Considering the above fact the present study was undertaken to find out the incidences of various rabbit diseases and mortality in an organized institutional farm. 
 
Methods: ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna was maintaining a broiler rabbit farm with 364 rabbit comprising Newzealand White (194) and Soviet Chinchilla (170) rabbit breed. During the three years (October, 2011 to September, 2014) study period in total 364 rabbits were under observation. The seasonal variation viz. (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter, in regards to &nbsp;mortality, disease incidences, young and adults, sex variation, breed, housing system etc were recorded. The incidences of disease and mortality of rabbits were diagnosed through pathological examination and postmortem findings. The descriptive statistics and &divide;2 test were used to explain the statistical significance. 
 
Result: During the three years study period out of 364 broiler rabbits (Soviet Chinchilla and Newzealand white) in total 63 rabbits (17.31%) were died due to various diseases. The coccidiosis (3.02%), green slime disease (2.20%), haemorrhagic tracheitis (1.92%), enteritis (1.65%), pneumonia (1.37%) and peritonitis (1.37%) were affected more than the other diseases. Apart from these the other ailments that affected broiler rabbits were ear cancer (0.82%), gastroenteritis (0.82%), stomach infection (0.82%), cardinogenic shock (0.55%), stomach impaction (0.55%), kidney infection (0.55%), limb injury (0.27%), ascites (0.27%), cystitis (0.27%), abscess in abdominal cavity (0.27%), rupture of liver and gall bladder (0.27%) as well as injury of eye and blindness (0.27%). The Soviet Chinchilla rabbits were less (7.14%) affected than the Newzealand white (10.16%). It was observed that mortality of male rabbits (6.04%) were less than the female rabbits (11.26%) and &nbsp;mortality of young were higher (11.54%) than the adult rabbits (5.77%). The seasonal variations in mortality of broiler rabbits were observed in present study. In monsoon season mortality was maximum i.e. 6.32% whereas, in post-monsoon it was 5.49%, pre-monsoon 3.02% and in winter season mortality was only 2.47%. The Soviet Chinchilla rabbits were less susceptible and comparatively better performer in regards to disease resistance. It may be concluded that in broiler rabbit farm coccidiosia is a major concern along with other parasitic and bacterial diseases. However, proper hygiene and sanitation along with periodic treatment with coccidiostat and deworming reduces mortality of rabbits.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Mortality Pattern of Broiler Rabbits in an Organized Farm in Bihar, India</div>

<div>Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called &ldquo;Xa den&rdquo;, &nbsp;is a precious medicinal plant also known as the &ldquo;cancer tree&rdquo; by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars. 
 
Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.</div>

<div>Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures</div>

Background: In India, there is a huge demand for edible oils and the supply is limited. In Andhra Pradesh, edible oil seeds produced in 8.51 per cent of the area which accounts 6.68 per cent of the total oilseed production in the country. Groundnut and sunflower are major oilseed crops being grown in the Rayalseema region Andhra Pradesh. These crops are cultivated both during Kharif and Rabi seasons. Sunflower oil is considered premium compared to other edible oilseed crops in the state. The objective of the study is to assess land suitability and identification of potentially suitable land for groundnut and sunflower production in the Rayalseema region. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: A detailed survey at a 1:10000 scale was conducted using Sentinel-2, Google imagery and a toposheet. Studied 103 soil profiles and identified 10 soil series and 53 mapping units. The suitability evaluation for groundnuts and sunflowers was assessed and suitability maps were generated in ArcGIS. 
&nbsp; 
Result: Groundnut and sunflower are moderately suitable (Class S2) in 43.27 and 6.61 per cent area and marginally suitable (Class S3) in 27.74 and 50.27 per cent area and also 1.14 and 15.27 per cent area are unsuitable (N), respectively with the limitation of topography, soil texture, gravelliness, soil fertility, rooting condition and drainage. The study has implications for enhancing the area under groundnut and sunflower cultivation by addressing the soil-related constraints in specific mapping units in the semi-arid land of the Rayalseema region by adopting suitable soil and water conservation measures, including agronomic management practices to achieve better production and productivity and to improve the livelihood status of farmers. 
&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Inventorying Land Resources to Identify Potentially Suitable Land for Oilseed Production in Semi-arid Land, Rayalaseema Region, India

Background: The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of systolic arterial pressure in various clinical conditions in dogs. During the study period, from May 2024 to October 2024, a total of 122 dogs presented at Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur (M.P.) were examined. The blood pressure was recorded in 122 dogs, presented with various clinical conditions such as renal affections, cardiac disorders, ascites, ocular affections, diabetes mellitus, epistaxis, haemoprotozoan diseases etc., to determine the relationship between blood pressure and disease-specific clinical manifestations. 
 
Methods: All the diseased dogs were subjected to measurement of blood pressure by Doppler Vet BP machine.Haemato-biochemical parameters and different diagnostic modalities like ultrasonography and electrocardiography were performed to ensure the diagnosis of concerned clinical conditions.The association between blood pressure and clinical conditions in dogs was evaluated using the classification system proposed by American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) hypertension guidelines. 
 
Result: In renal cases, 21.62% dogs were having SAP &ge;160 mm Hg. The target organ risk categorization using value of SAP revealed that out of 29 dogs, 20.69%, 51.72%, 13.79% and 13.79% were at minimal risk, mild risk, moderate risk and high risk, respectively. In cardiac cases, 13.51% dogs were having SAP &ge;160 mm Hg with target organ risk categorization revealed that out of 11 dogs, 27.27%, 27.27%, 36.36% and 9.09% were at minimal risk, mild risk, moderate risk and high risk respectively. In ascites (hepatic origin) cases, 8.10% dogs were having SAP &ge;160 mm Hg. The target organ risk categorization revealed that out of 23 dogs, 60.86%, 26.08% and 13.04% were at minimal risk, mild risk, moderate risk, respectively. In ocular cases, 8.10% dogs were having SAP &ge;160 mm Hg. The target organ risk categorization revealed that out of 06 dogs, 50%, 33.33% and 16.67% were at mild risk, moderate risk and high risk, respectively. The mean SAP in diabetes mellitus, epistaxis, obesity, gastroenteritis and haemoprotozoan affected dogs were 161.50&plusmn;3.50, 147.60&plusmn;9.32, 161.75&plusmn;8.04, 139.38&plusmn;7.75 and 142.18&plusmn;7.11, respectively. This study emphasizes the multifactorial nature of hypertension in dogs, its association with clinical conditions and the risk of target-organ damage (TOD).

Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Associated Risks in Canine Disorders: A Diagnostic Perspective

<div style="text-align:justify">The field experiments were conducted in the Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur during &nbsp;kharif 2013 and 2014. The treatments consisted of three planting geometry (22,222, 27,798 and 37,037 plants per ha) and transplanting of different aged seedlings (A1- 21 day old seedlings, A2- 28 day old seedlings, A3- 35 day old seedlings and &nbsp;A4- Direct seed dibbling). Seedlings of BSMR-736( V1) and TS-3R (V2 ) were raised by using a polythene bag of 6 X 4 cm size in nursery. The results of the investigations indicated that &nbsp;the &nbsp;transplanting of 35 days old seedling with planting geometry of 27,798 &nbsp;plants per ha in BSMR -736 (2501 kg /ha) which was on par with transplanting of &nbsp;28 days old seedlings and lowest value was seen in &nbsp; seed dibbling at planting geometry &nbsp;of &nbsp;37,037 in TS-3R(1862 kg /ha). The 34 per cent increased seed yield mainly attributed to seedlings transplanted in planting geometry of 27,798 &nbsp;plants per ha.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Response of red gram cultivars to transplanting and planting geometry under rainfed conditions of Northern dry zone of Karnataka</div>

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2010 and 2011 &nbsp;to find out the suitable integrated nutrient management (INM) package for successful blackgram production in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. The results indicates that significantly higher grain (959 kg ha-1), stover (2479 kg ha-1) and biological (3438 kg ha-1) yields and harvest index (27.9%) of blackgram were recorded with the application of soil test based NPK+10 t FYM ha-1+ Rhizobium + 30kg S ha-1+ 1kg Mo ha-1 over rest of the treatments. With regards to economics, soil test based application of NPK + 10t FYM ha-1 + Rhizobium + 30kg S ha- 1+ 1kg Mo ha-1 resulted in highest gross returns (44,580 ha-1), net returns (26,519 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (2.27) over other nutritional treatments. Similarly, integration of FYM, NPKSMo with Rhizobium significantly enhances the nitrogen (3.98% and1.55%), phosphorus (0.53% and 0.27%), potassium (2.52% and 3.53% ), sulphur (0.39% and 0.31%), and molybdenum (4.25 mg kg-1 and 3.59 mg kg-1) contents in grain and stover of blackgram over control, respectively.&nbsp;

Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, nutrient acquisition and economics of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) in an inceptisol of eastern Uttar Pradesh