<p><strong>Background:</strong> Exposure to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is capable of inducing experimental epilepsy in rats. As a result of the use of anticonvulsant treatment, obesity and metabolic syndrome are commonly observed in patients with epilepsy. Prodigiosin (PG) is a red pigment synthesized by bacterial species with important pharmaceutical and biological activities. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities of silver nanoparticles conjugated with PG (PG-AgNPs) versus pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Rats were assigned into six experimental groups: control; PG-AgNP (300 mg/kg); PTZ (60 mg/kg, epileptic model); sodium valproate (600 mg/kg) + PTZ; PG-AgNP + PTZ and sodium valproate (VPA)+PG-AgNP+ PTZ. The treatment duration is extended to 7 days.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> Induction of epilepsy resulted in a significant decrease in monoamines (5-HT, DA, NE), glutamate, aspartate, serine and a significant increase in GABA, glycine and taurine in the brain. In addition, it causes an increase in serum insulin and leptin and a significant decrease in serum glucose and disturbance in oxidative and antioxidant system. Additionally, PG-AgNP enhanced the antioxidant capacity of brain tissue by activating antioxidants and decreasing the levels of pro-oxidants. In addition, it caused decrease in insulin resistant and leptin level in serum accordingly caused increase in the content of blood glucose level which enhance the metabolic rate and minimize the increase in the body weight as a result of anticonvulsant (VPA). Interestingly, PG-AgNP restored the PTZ-induced imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids and improved monoaminergic and cholinergic transmission.</p>


<p>Potential Neuromodulatory Effects of Prodigiosin-conjugated Silver Nanoparticles: Implications for Epilepsy Management and Their Impact on Obesity in Rat Model</p>


<div><strong>Background:</strong> Prenatal exposure to valproate is capable of inducing experimental autism in rat pups. This study aimed to investigate the role of <em>Camellia sinensis</em> green tea extract (GTE) in ameliorating the neurochemical changes induced by autism.&nbsp;</div>

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<div><strong>Methods:</strong> Pregnant rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of sodium valproate (600 mg/kg) on the 12.5<sup>th</sup> gestational day. The treatment with GTE (300 mg/kg) orally in autistic rat pups at postnatal day 15 for 20 days.&nbsp;</div>

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<div><strong>Result:</strong> Induction of autism resulted in a significant decrease in the cerebellum and cortical 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, glycine and taurine and a decrease in brain cholesterol and antioxidants enzymes (GSH, SOD and CAT) at P&lt;0.05. However, it showed a significant increase in MAO, AChE, glutamate, aspartate, serine and lipid peroxidation in addition to elevation in inflammatory biomarkers in brain tissue. Treatment with GTE extract showed significant decrease in AChE and MAO in addition to reduction in the excitatory amino acid GABA in brain tissue which in accordance resulted in marked elevation in cerebellar and cortical monoamine contents. Furthermore, administration of GTE improved the antioxidant defence system in cerebellum and cerebral cortex by activating the level of GSH, SOD and CAT. These results are accompanied by marked reduction in oxidative stress biomarker (NO and MDA) and lowering in the level of TNF-&alpha; and IL-6. In conclusion, it could be stated that GTE exerts an ameliorative effect on autistic rat pups possibly due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and could be effective in the management of autism.</div>


<p>Therapeutic Potency of <em>Camellia sinensis</em> Extract on Neurochemical and Oxidative Changes Correlates to Autistic Disorder in Rat Pups Model</p>


Potential Neuromodulatory Effects of Prodigiosin-conjugated Silver Nanoparticles: Implications for Epilepsy Management and Their Impact on Obesity in Rat Model

Therapeutic Potency of Camellia sinensis Extract on Neurochemical and Oxidative Changes Correlates to Autistic Disorder in Rat Pups Model