<div style="text-align: justify;">Field experiment were carried out during Kharif season 2016-17 to evaluate the efficacy of Flubendiamide 24 % + Thiacloprid 24% SC 200 ml/ha, Flubendiamide 39.35% SC 125 ml/ha, Thiacloprid 21.7% SC 250 ml/ha, Chlorantraniliprole18.5% SC 160 ml/ha, Flubendiamide 24 % + Thiacloprid 24% &nbsp;SC 250 ml/ha, Quinalphos 25% EC 1500 ml/ha, Thiomethoxam 25% WG 125 g/ha and Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha against the Bemisia tabaci and Aphis craccivora. Thiacloprid 21.7% SC was found significantly most effective against white fly followed by Thiomethoxam 25% WG. While, Thiomethoxam 25% WG was found significantly most effective against aphid followed by Thiacloprid 21.7% SC whereas, Flubendiamide 39.35% SC was the least effective against both the pest.</div>

Efficacy of new molecules of insecticides against white fly <em>Bemisia tabaci </em>(Gennadius) and aphid <em>Aphis craccivora</em> (Koch) in Urdbean (<em>Vigna mungo</em> L.)

<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study investigated the potential of different leaf extracts of Bitter Apple (Citrullus colocynthis) as an analgesic agent and In-vitro cytoprotective ameliorative effects of the various extracts in thiomethoxam-induced toxicity in MDBK cell lines. Different leaf extracts of Citrullus colocynthis i.e. alcoholic, acetone and chloroform were investigated for analgesic activity at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg in Wistar rats. For the assessment of analgesic activity, tail flick method was used. In-vitro cytoprotective activity of various leaf extracts (at concentrations of 5% and 10%) was evaluated in ATCC acquired MDBK cell lines and for this study, cytotoxicity was induced by thiomethoxam. For cytoprotective study, oxidative stress parameters- catalase, LPO, SOD and GPx were determined. Study on analgesic activity revealed the presence of dose dependent effect in all extracts with highest effect in alcoholic extract of Bitter Apple. It is believe that triterpene alkaloids and steroidal principles present in the plant products might be responsible for the analgesic effect.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><em>In-vivo</em> Analgesic and <em>In-vitro</em> Cytoprotective Potential of Various Leaf Extracts of Bitter Apple</div>

<div>A study was conducted during the Kharif season of 2016-17 divulged the beginning of white fly infestation was recorded in the 5th week of July and reached a peak level 10.93 N and A /plant in the 4th week of August and aphid infestation was recorded in the 2nd week of August and reached a peak level 12.40 N and A /plant in the 2nd week of September. Correlation coefficient values for white fly and aphid population incidence and weather parameters showed that maximum and minimum temperature had positive influence while maximum and minimum relative humidity besides rainfall had negative influence on both the pest population. The incidence of ten species of insect pests and six species of natural enemies on the crop from germination to harvesting stages. Out of these insect pests six sap feeder; two defoliator; one stem feeder and one flower feeder were observed to infest in the urdbean. Therewith, six species of natural enemies were observed in the black gram variety T-9 under the agro-climatic condition of district Rewa. Evaluate the efficacy of Flubendiamide 24 % + Thiacloprid 24% SC 200 ml/ha, Flubendiamide 39.35% SC 125 ml/ha, Thiacloprid 21.7% SC 250 ml/ha, Chlorantraniliprole18.5% SC 160 ml/ha, Flubendiamide 24 % + Thiacloprid 24% SC 250 ml/ha, Quinalphos 25% EC 1500 ml/ha, Thiomethoxam 25% WG 125 g/ha and Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha against the Bemisia tabaci and Aphis craccivora. Thiacloprid 21.7% SC was found significantly most effective against white fly while, Thiomethoxam 25% WG was found significantly most effective against aphid.</div>


Efficacy of new molecules of insecticides against white fly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and aphid Aphis craccivora (Koch) in Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.)

In-vivo Analgesic and In-vitro Cytoprotective Potential of Various Leaf Extracts of Bitter Apple

Insect Pests of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Their Management in Vindhya Region