<div>Background: Availability of quality planting materials is the major impediment in extension of cultivation of low chilling peach in northern plans. Plum suckers are mostly used as rootstocks for raising peach; however nematode infestation is a major problem. Seeds of all peach cultivars do not germinate under subtropical climate of plains of Northern India. Hence, an experiment was carried out at ICAR-CISH, Lucknow on seed germination and subsequent growth of seedlings of low chilling peaches. 
 
Methods: Fully mature seeds of peach cv. Florda Prince, Pant Peach 1 and Sharbati were collected during June. Some of the seeds were sown direct in-situ during 1st week of December and remaining seeds were sown in the field after 2 months of stratification in the refrigerator at 7-8&deg;C. 
 
Result: Stratification had significant effect on seed germination and late matured peach cv. &lsquo;Sharbati&rsquo; exhibited higher seed germination. Good linear seedling growth and maximum percentage of buddable seedlings was found in stratified sown seeds of &lsquo;Sharbati&rsquo; peach. Thus the study indicated that harvesting of &lsquo;Sharbati&rsquo; and &lsquo;Pant Peach-1&rsquo; seeds can be done during June and pre-sown stratification is necessary for better germination and growth of seedlings under subtropical climate of Lucknow.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Effect of Direct Sowing and Stratification on Germination and Growth of Peach under Sub-tropical Climate of Uttar Pradesh</div>

<div>Background: Aonla is considered asone of the important indigenous minor fruit crop. Being rich in nutrients the demand of its planting material is increasing day by day which is not fulfilled due to poor seed germination and seedling growth. Therefore there is a dire necessity to standardize the techniques for improving germination and growth of seedlings. The aim of the current study is to overcome the dormancy and to enhance the germination in aonla seeds.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The present investigation was carried out during 2019-2020 under field conditions with the pre soaking application of the aonla seeds with thiourea, GA3, cow urine, sulphuric acid, water and seed stratification for &nbsp;time interval of 12 and 24 hours. In the laboratory the selected samples were analysed morphologically based on shoot, root and biomass traits. 
 
Result: Out of the various treatments the application of GA3@ 500 ppm for 24 h have ensured early germination with an increase in seed germination. This treatment also improved the seedling growth with an increase in root formationand vigour index. This study will be useful in boosting the cultivation of aonla which will be beneficial for the growers on commercial basis.</div>

<div>Effect of Various Treatments on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour of Aonla cv. Chakaiya</div>

Background: Currently, the production and consumption of fruit products in Hau Giang Province face numerous challenges. These include low-lying soil and the use of disease-infected cultivars. Moreover, farmers in the region rarely utilize organic fertilizers or implement soil improvement techniques, resulting in a gradual decline in soil fertility. Additionally, orchard fruit farmers&rsquo; investment and care practices are primarily based on traditional methods and customs rather than following recommended technical processes. As a result, this study aims to examine the factors that can impact the farming activities of orchard fruits in Hau Giang Province, Vietnam. 
 
Methods: Using stratification and random sampling, the study was conducted in four districts and one city in Hau Giang from January 2020 to March 2022. The survey included 150 orchards, with five different fruit varieties represented in the four districts and the city. Each area had a sub-sample of 30 orchards, including Sanh orange, Xoan orange, sugar mandarin, green peel pomelo and Cat Hoa Loc mango. Data was collected through direct interviews with farmers using prepared questionnaires. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. 
 
Result: The management labor, farming experience, fruit yield and product selling price can predict statistically significant income. In the farmer&rsquo;s opinion, product consumption was an important issue that farmers considered. With the desire to find a stable market for orchard fruit products, farmers want to change their trees. One crucial issue that requires attention is the structuring of orchard fruit production with connections between farmers and enterprises to stabilize the income in fruit farming.

Effect of Direct Sowing and Stratification on Germination and Growth of Peach under Sub-tropical Climate of Uttar Pradesh

Effect of Various Treatments on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour of Aonla cv. Chakaiya

The Factors Affecting Orchard Fruit Farming in Hau Giang Province, Vietnam