<div>Background: Bovine mastitis is a multifactorial and is one of the most challenging disease. It can be caused by many different bacterial species, the most common of which are Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species. The prevalence of different species varies temporally, geographically and also due to control measures adopted in herds. The present study is on the biofilm forming Streptococcus uberis causing mastitis and the effect of antibiofilm agents on the antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The isolates were identified by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two antibiofilm agents, resveratrol and ursolic acid (UA) each at two concentrations (30 &mu;g/ml, 100 &mu;g/ml) were used for the study. Biofilm formation and rate of biofilm inhibition was detected using quantitative microtiter plate (MTP) assay and biofilm gene (lux S) was detected using PCR. The isolates treated with antibiofilm agents were subjected to standard disc diffusion test with 7 antibiotics and the change in antibiotic resistance was studied.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The mean&plusmn;SE values of inhibition rates of 29 S. uberis isolates by 30 &mu;g/ml UA, 100 &mu;g/ml UA, 30 &mu;g/ml resveratrol, 100 &mu;g/ml resveratrol were 33.96&plusmn;3.17%, 57.40&plusmn;2.8%, 31.35&plusmn;3.12% and 46.28&plusmn;3.47%, respectively. Biofilm inhibiting agents along with all antibiotics had reduced antimicrobial resistance by 1.5-2 times on in vitro antibiotic resistance testing by disc diffusion at 100 &mu;g/ml concentration. The antibiofilm agents were found to be very effective to control antibiotic resistance of S. uberis from mastitic milk samples in vitro.</div>

​Efficacy of Resveratrol and Ursolic Acid on Biofilm Inhibition and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus uberis

Background: Heat stress causes oxidative damage in chicken intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in economic losses in poultry production. The potential of resveratrol to alleviate oxidative stress and intestinal injury in poultry was investigated. 
 
Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to five different experimental groups. The control group was maintained under normal temperature, while the remaining four groups were exposed to high-temperature conditions and received a basal diet supplemented with resveratrol for a period of 15 days. Intestinal tissue structure and serum antioxidant indices were measured. Mechanistically, transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate gene expression changes in the jejunal mucosa. Finally, analyses of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways were conducted. 
 
Result: The results indicate that heat stress negatively affects the structure of intestinal villi, leading to increased mRNA expression of HSPB1, HSP70 and HSP90. However, the daily administration of resveratrol at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight reduces the excessive expression of these heat shock protein mRNAs (P&lt;0.05). Chicks that were supplemented with resveratrol exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of SOD, CAT, T-AOC and GSH-PX (P&lt;0.05). Transcription profiling showed 181 significantly altered differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The outcomes indicated that the DEGs in the resveratrol-treated group were primarily enriched in the VEGF, ErbB and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. All in all, resveratrol demonstrates significant potential in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress on broilers. 
&nbsp;

Resveratrol Modulates Intestinal Structure and Function in Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) can be frequently observed in mandatory clinical situations such as organ transplantation, as well as in undesirable clinical scenarios such as embolic, thrombotic causes and hypotensive shock. This damage is an important pathological process that can occur in a wide clinical spectrum, such as acute renal failure and permanent renal failure. The effects of Quercetin and Resveratrol, substances with high antioxidant capacity that may have a positive effect on this pathological process, on renal IRI were examined by looking at Raftlin and 8-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2a) levels. 
 
Methods: Forty-two male Wistar-albino rats were divided into six groups (Control group; n=7, I/R group; n=7, Sham group; n=7, Quercetin group; n=7, Resveratrol group; n=7, Quercetin and resveratrol group; n=7). Quercetin (100 mg/kg) and resveratrol (100 mg/kg) was administered intragastricly in the treatment group. Only sham group was administered with 0.9% serum physiologic (NaCI). Raftlin and 8-iso-PGF2a values were measured by ELISA method. In the histopathological examination, the groups were evaluated in terms of hemorrhage, myocardial edema, myocytolysis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. 
 
Result: It was observed that both quercetin and resveratrol molecules decreased Raftlin and 8-iso-PGF2a values. The group in which the two molecules were given together had the lowest values and it was determined that this value approached the control group value. Quercetin and resveratrol are thought to have a protective effect on renal IRI.

Effect of Quercetin and Resveratrol on Raftlin, 8-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha Levels in Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of RSV against oxidative stress damage which we induced an experimental liver Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in rats.

Methods: Female albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 8). Contrast to the control group, 1 ml saline (0.09 % NaCl) was administered intraperitoneally two days before the operation and after reperfusion in the sham group. 1 ml of 50 mg/kg Resveratrol was administered to the treatment group until two days before the operation. In addition, a single dose of 1 ml of Resveratrol was re-administered after reperfusion. The duration of liver ischemia/reperfusion was determined as 30 minutes in all groups. At the end of this experiment, antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD) activities and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as spectrophotometric in liver tissues homogenates.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Result:&nbsp;Our study, tissue injuries were observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and Sham groups (p&lt;0.001). In this study, significant decreases were observed in tissue MDA levels in the treatment group compared to the sham and control groups (p&lt;0.001). In addition, antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD. CAT) were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to the control and Sham groups. Liver tissue samples were examined for hepatocyte damage and histopathological grade of the groups were shown. In our study, tissue injuries were observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and Sham groups (p&lt;0.001). Liver edema, necrosis and PMNL infiltration were found to be decreased in the treatment group compared to the control group. The association of resveratrol with oxidative damage was also determined by network pharmacology analysis.

Network Pharmacology-based Investigation and Experimental Discovery of Resveratrol&rsquo;s Mechanism of Liver Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage

<div>Background: The incidence and complications of bladder disorders due to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury constitute an important public health problem. The harmful effects of the disease could be reduced or completely eliminated by using natural antioxidant agents. In this study, the effects of preconditioning with Resveratrol&nbsp; and B17 vitamin, on bladder I/R damage was evaluated by the levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2&alpha; (8-iso-PGF2&alpha;) and raftlin-1 (RFTN-1) biomarkers.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A total of 42 Wistar Albino male rats were used in the study which were divided in 6 groups (Group 1: Control, Group 2: Sham, Group 3: I/R, Group 4: Treatment 1 (RSV), Group 5: Treatment 2 (B17), Group 6: Combined treatment (RSV+B17). The effect of RSV and B17 valuated as the therapeutic group. Clamping the penile urethra of the rats, diuresis was forced and overdistension was achieved. After being kept in overdistension for 30 minutes, the rat bladder was emptied with a 3F catheter. The reperfused bladder was kept in this way for 30 minutes and the rats were sacrificed. 8-iso-PGF2&alpha; and RFTN-1 levels were measured in bladder tissue by ELISA. 
 
Result: In the I/R rat bladder tissue, we detected severe tissue injuries (p&lt;0.05). As compared to the control group; It was observed that 8-iso-PGF2&alpha; and RFTN-1 values increased statistically significantly in sham, I/R and treatment 2 groups (p&lt;0.05). 8-iso-PGF2&alpha; and RFTN-1 values were statistically significantly decreased in the therapeutic groups (Treatment 1, Treatment 2, Combined treatment compared to the I/R and sham group (p&lt;0.05). A statistically significant decrease was observed in the treatment 1 group compared to the treatment 2 group in terms of 8-iso-PGF2&alpha; and RFTN-1 values (p&lt;0.05).</div>

Protective Effect of Resveratrol and Vitamin B17 on 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2&alpha; and Raftlin-1 Levels in an Experimental Acute Urinary Retention in Rat

Resveratrol (RSV) as a naturally occurring small molecule has been reported to benefit the cardiovascular system through a dietary supplementation. However, the relevant genetic regulation by RSV has been uncovered. This work is solely to investigate how RSV increases a fecal excretion of total sterols of HF fed C57BL/6J mice to block lipid accumulation in vivo through regulation of PPRAa, HMG-CoA-R, CYP7A1, LDL-R and ABCG5 genes. The results showed that RSV significantly improved the excretion of total sterols through up regulation of mRNA expressions of PPARa, CYP7A1, LDL-R, ABCG5 and down regulation of HMG-CoA-R. These data indicate that beneficial effects from RSV were associated with the favorably altered expression of hepatic and large intestine genes in HF fed mice.

Resveratrol regulates relevant genes to promote excretions of total&nbsp;sterols in long-term HF fed C57BL/6J mice

<div>Background: Herbal-infused wines enriched with plant-based bioactive compounds offer both nutritional and therapeutic benefits due to their potent anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. This study aimed to formulate herbal grape wine infused with fresh turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) in two different preparation methods and to evaluate its various functional properties. 
 
Methods: Two wine variants are prepared using diced turmeric rhizome (W-DTR) and with turmeric rhizome extract (W-TRE), followed by 15 days of fermentation at an optimum fermentation temperature of 23&deg;C and an inoculum concentration of 5% (v/v) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Turmeric extract and diced turmeric concentration of 10% (v/v). Samples were analyzed for qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenol, total flavonoid, curcumin, resveratrol content and Antioxidant activity (AOA). 
 
Result: Both the variants demonstrated favorable functional traits. Also, W-TRE (66.022 CE mg/g) exhibited significantly higher curcumin content when compared to W-DTR (61.056 CE mg/g). Both wines possessed significant resveratrol and showed notable antioxidant activity when compared with control. Therefore it can be concluded from the current research findings that the synergistic combination of grapes and turmeric can significantly enhanced the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of the grape wine.</div>

A Study on Formulation and Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Polyphenols and Antioxidants Activity of Herbal Grape Wine Incorporated with Fresh Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa)

<div>Phytochemicals present in the plants are divided into primary (Alcohol Amino acids, nucleotides. etc) and secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, Saponins etc.). Carotenoids (reduces reactive oxygen species formation, decreases apoptotic cells, restoration of actin capping expression proteins etc.), Phenolics (inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling pathway), Isoflavones (inhibits tyrosine kinase pathway) and alkaloids (downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha messengers) are the major phytochemicals, having the potential effects towards ovarian function. Likewise, bioactive compounds are the chemicals that can interact with certain components of live tissue to exert their various effects (antioxidant, antineoplastic, receptor inhibition, gene expression etc.) respective to female fertility. Similarly, bioactive compounds: Kaempferol [phosphatidylinositol -3- kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway], Quercetin (controlling the release of 17&beta;-estradiol etc.), Myricetin (PI3K/Akt and MAPK signalling pathway), Galngin (inhibition of angiogenesis via decreasing the VEGF and p-Akt) and Resveratrol (regulation of Foxo3a and SIRT1 genes etc.) shows its effects by targeting different molecules and/or pathways at the ovarian microenvironment. However, Genistein (binding to estrogen receptors: ESR&alpha; and ESR&beta; etc.) and Diadzein (disrupting the endocrines etc.) emphatically interfere with the ovarian functions. Besides this, molecular effects exerted by these phyto-bioactive compounds on the in vivo and/or in vitro ovarian culture systems entirely depend on their dosage: Kaempferol @10 &mu;M increased the primordial follicle activation, Quercetin @4 &micro;M improved the quality of oocytes whereas @8 &micro;M reduced the quality), Resveratrol @ 2 &micro;M increased the blastocyst formation, Myricetin @ 100 mg/kg/day feeding in rats induced estrogenic activity, Genistein, feeding in female mice @ 500 and 1000 ppm increased the gestation time and Diazdein causes the inhibition of 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase at 40 &micro;M doses. The assessment was done via the systemic collection of literature from sources such as news papers, conference papers, journals, theory and dissertation articles, electronic databases, manuals, encyclopedia and annual reviews, as well as e-books and reporting. As a result, the preceding discussion focuses on the key phyto-bioactive compounds and their molecular targets in female fertility. This will aid in the successful and secure application of plant bioactive compounds in the field of female reproductive health.</div>

<div>Molecular Targets of Phyto-bioactive Compounds in Female Reproductive System of Mammals: A Review</div>

Background: Studies on the role of oxidative stress in cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity have prompted numerous investigations into the use of antioxidants against reproductive toxicity. Natural compounds including curcumin and resveratrol have proven to be effective in mitigating oxidative damage. Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC), is known for its abundance in antioxidant profile and has shown considerable protective effects against toxicity from heavy metals like cadmium. This current study seeks to uncover the mechanism behind which ZSC antioxidant properties protect against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity. 
 
Methods: ZSC extract was prepared by harvesting, drying and processing the plant&rsquo;s leaves. In-vivo experimental design was carried out, 24 rats were grouped in four groups: control group, ZSC treated group, Cadmium induced group and ZSC treated Cadmium induced group. To examine the oxidative stress, markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey&rsquo;s multiple comparisons test to evaluate group differences. 
&nbsp; 
Result: Cadmium exposure led to a significantly decrease in catalase and SOD activities, alongside an increase in MDA levels, indicating an increased oxidative stress. Treatment with ZSC effectively restored these parameters towards normal levels, demonstrating its potent antioxidant activity. Interestingly, Females responded slightly better than males, suggesting a possible gender-specific effects. The observed reduction in cortisol levels further confirmed ZSC&rsquo;s stress-reducing properties. These findings align with earlier studies on ZSC&rsquo;s antioxidant and protective properties.

Protective Role of Antioxidants in Cadmium-induced Reproductive Toxicity

Background: In crop plants drought tolerance is influenced by the activation of acclimation programs, genotype-specific traits and the antioxidant system&rsquo;s response to stress intensity.&nbsp; The objective of the present study was to identify drought tolerance eliciting and antioxidant metabolites of the groundnut (genotype GKVK-5) roots sequential extracts by performing in vitro antioxidant assays.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The soxhlet method was used to prepare groundnut root extracts sequentially. After that, a phytochemical examination both qualitative and quantitative was conducted. HR-LCMS analysis was performed and the compounds were identified by comparing their retention time, mass, abundance area and m/z cloud best match in the Metlin Library. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined using assays for total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, metal chelating ability and nitric oxide radical scavenging. 
 
Result: HRLCMS analysis of ethyl acetate extract (REE) revealed antioxidant phenolic components, including gallic acid, quinic acid, azelaic acid, ferulic acid and phenylalanine. Methanol extract (RME) was shown to include bioactive compounds such as kaempferol 7-o-glucoside, naringenin 7-o-glucoside, resveratrol and L-2-amino-3-methylenehexanoic acid. Significant total antioxidant activity (194 &micro;g/mg ascorbic acid) and high percentages of oxidative free radical inhibition in DPPH (63.69&plusmn;2.85%), ABTS (71.31&plusmn;2.09%) and metal chelating ion radical scavenging (66.31&plusmn;5.56%) assays were demonstrated by the REE and these results are consistent with its total phenolic content (173.08 &micro;g/mg). In accordance with its total flavonoid concentration (159.71 &micro;g/mg), the RME showed remarkable reducing power (464 &micro;g/mg) and efficient reduction of hydroxyl oxide radical (51.07&plusmn;3.19%) and nitric oxide radical scavenging (67.08&plusmn;5.97%). This study suggests that the drought tolerance characteristic of groundnut genotype GKVK-5 may be influenced by the combined effects of antioxidants and the total reductive capacity of metabolites.

Efficacy of Resveratrol and Ursolic Acid on Biofilm Inhibition and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus uberis

Resveratrol Modulates Intestinal Structure and Function in Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Effect of Quercetin and Resveratrol on Raftlin, 8-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha Levels in Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Network Pharmacology-based Investigation and Experimental Discovery of Resveratrol’s Mechanism of Liver Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage

Protective Effect of Resveratrol and Vitamin B17 on 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Raftlin-1 Levels in an Experimental Acute Urinary Retention in Rat

Resveratrol regulates relevant genes to promote excretions of total sterols in long-term HF fed C57BL/6J mice

A Study on Formulation and Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Polyphenols and Antioxidants Activity of Herbal Grape Wine Incorporated with Fresh Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa)

Molecular Targets of Phyto-bioactive Compounds in Female Reproductive System of Mammals: A Review

Protective Role of Antioxidants in Cadmium-induced Reproductive Toxicity

Antioxidant Potentiality and HR-LCMS Profiling of Drought Tolerance Inducing Compounds from Groundnut Root Extracts