<div>Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) is widespread in natural and grown edible and ornamental fish and is caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum. Mycobacterial infection in fish causes clinical signs like discoloration of the skin and exposed sores affecting the commercial value of fish. Moreover, mycobacteriosis is thought as a zoonotic disease making it much worse for edible fishes. 
 
Methods: The antimycobacterial efficacy of the phytochemical extracts from Tribulus terrestris, Mimosa pudica, Leucas aspera, Foeniculum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum and Acorus calamus was studied against Mycobacterium fortuitum secluded from a diseased ornamental fish, Betta splendens. The antimycobacterial efficiency of extracts of these herbs made with water and methanol was estimated in vitro using a 96-well microplate assay technique with a Resazurin dye. 
 
Result: The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Acorus calamus, Mimosa pudica and Cinnamomum verum (50 &mu;g/ml) exhibited the highest antimycobacterial activity after that Foeniculum vulgare and Tribulus terrestris (100 &mu;g/ml). The least inhibition activity was exhibited by Leucas aspera (200 &mu;g/ml). These results revealed that the extracts of Acorus calamus, Cinnamomum verum and Mimosa pudica can be used as an alternative to the present antimycobacterial drugs for the treatment of Mycobacteriosis in edible and ornamental fish. However, further studies on the active compounds involved in the antimycobacterial activities of these herbs are needed.</div>

Antimycobacterial Activity of Phytochemical Extracts from Herbs against the Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium fortuitum Infecting Fish

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a medicinal plant known for its various pharmacological properties, including its antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the extraction procedure effect on yield, phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of fenugreek seed crude extracts. Methods: The extraction procedure of components from fenugreek seed possessing an antibacterial potential was first optimized. Extracts at the highest yield were analyzed for phytocomponents and their bacterial growth inhibitory effect was assessed by determining the diameter of the inhibition zone (IZ) and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC).&nbsp; Result: Optimum conditions for highest yield of extract (270,78 mg/g) are as follows: solvent (water), substrate-solvent ratio (1:10), and extraction time (72 hours). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the major compounds known to have an antibacterial activity such as tannins and flavonoids in the aqueous and methanol extracts. The methanol extract was associated with an IZ diameter ranging from 8.46&plusmn;2.25 mm up to 27.65&plusmn;1.32 mm and displayed the lowest MIC (1.25 mg/ml). Our findings indicate that fenugreek seed extracted with methanol showed the best antibacterial effect against the targeted bacterial strain.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of Extraction Procedure on Yield, Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Fenugreek Seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Crude Extracts</div>