<div>Background: PPARGC1A gene mediates expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and is regarded as a prominent candidate gene governing the effect of milk fat in dairy bovines. The study was planned to identify DNA polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A gene in Gaolao Cattle and to find their association with milk production traits in Gaolao cattle.&nbsp; 
 
Methods:&nbsp;The blood was collected from 224 purebred Gaolao cattle from farm and field along with test day milk from each cow for estimating milk components. Genomic DNA was assessed using phenol-chloroform extraction method and Kits. PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing methods were used to identify polymorphism. 
 
Result: PPARGC1AG1- NheI locus of 3ʹUTR region were polymorphic with allele frequency for A alleles as 0.84 and for allele B as 0.16. In studied animals, significant differences were not observed for milk traits between genotypes at PPARGC1A-NheI locus. The analysis at PPARGC1AG4-SSCP revealed no significant differences in milk traits; however sequencing revealed SNP. PPARGC1AG1- NheI genotype-based sequencing revealed T&gt;C SNP at 263rd position 02 computational SNPs viz; C-T at 263rd position and A-T at 268th position. The identified variation at the PPARGC1A gene may aid in identifying associations for development of markers for selection and genetic improvement.</div>

DNA Polymorphisms in 3ʹUTR and Intron-9 Region of PPARGC1A Gene and its Association with Milk Production Traits in Gaolao Cattle

<div>Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) is a candidate gene for milk fat in livestock. The present study was carried out to investigate polymorphism in PPARGC1A and study its potential association.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Two hundred forty animals from Murrah and Bhadawari Indian buffalo breeds and Egyptian buffaloes were selected. The statistical analysis used was Tukey&rsquo;s honest significance test to investigate the association of different genotypes. The PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism) assays and sequencing technologies were used to confirm the SNPs.&nbsp; 
 
Results: Three Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP1- g.993A&gt;T, SNP2- g.1237T&gt;A and SNP3-g.1238G&gt;C) and one insertion (g.1240_&gt;G bp) were identified in this gene. Due to nucleotide mutations, four non-synonymous mutations were observed in amino acid sequences of buffalo breeds. Significant differences in protein and SNF output were discovered in Egyptian buffalo breeds.&nbsp; In both Murrah and Bhadawari buffaloes, fat, protein and SNF yield were substantially correlated with detected genotypes while there was non-significant association of protein and SNF percent in buffalo breeds. The information provided will be valuable in studying the involvement of PPARGC1A in regulating fat synthesis and enhancing milk quality in buffaloes.</div>

Polymorphic Variants Analysis in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PPARGC1A) Gene of Indian and Egyptian Buffaloes