<p style="text-align: justify;">Irisin, a novel peptide, was first identified in skeletal muscle cells. It is an exercise protein that is secreted into the bloodstream, through which it reached the white adipose tissue, and interacted with an unknown receptor and cause fat destruction by converting the white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue. The presence of irisin immunoreactivity in porcupine lung and tongue was studied. In lung, irisin immunoreactivity was found in type II pneumocytes, bronchus, bronchioles and blood vessel. Positive irisin immunostaining was also detected in the lamina epithelialis, striated muscle cells and serous glands in porcupine&rsquo;s tongue. The function of locally synthesized irisin is currently unknown. Therefore, further study is required to reveal the precise effect of irisin.</p>


<p>Immunohistochemical distribution of irisin in the lung&nbsp;and tongue of Porcupine (Hystrix cristata)</p>


<p>In the present study, the existence of serotonin immunoreactivity was investigated in the adrenal gland and kidney of porcupine, Hystrix cristata, using immunohistochemical techniques as a pioneer attempt. Serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in adrenal medullary cells, distal tubules and collecting duct cells in kidney.&nbsp;</p>


<p>Immunohistochemical detection of serotonin in the kidney&nbsp;and adrenal of porcupine (Hystrixcristata)</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">The damage to coconut and rubber plantations by the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in the Nilambur Forest Division, Malappuram District was reported for the first time. The objectives of this study were to document the mode of attack and estimate the extent of damage by Indian crested porcupine in the plantation crops of the forest fringes. The study was carried out from June 2013 to May 2016 as part of the documentation of human-wildlife conflict in Malappuram District. Stratified random sampling, along with quadrat (10 m x 10 m) method was used to assess the crop damage. Estimation of the economic loss to farmers was carried out by using the market price of the coconuts during the period, collected from the website of Farm Information Bureau, Govt. of Kerala. The mean economic loss of crops damaged by Indian crested porcupine was Rs.1322.35/- per ha/annum. The debarking behavior of Indian crested porcupine on coconut palms (n=31), rubber trees (n=27) and consumption of newly formed bamboo culms (n=42) were also reported. No one has implemented proper mitigation measures against the Indian crested porcupine in the District.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Occurrence of the Indian Crested Porcupine (<em>Hystrix indica </em>Kerr.1792) and the Damage on Plantation Crops in the Nilambur Forest Divisions of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India</div>

Immunohistochemical distribution of irisin in the lung and tongue of Porcupine (Hystrix cristata)

Immunohistochemical detection of serotonin in the kidney and adrenal of porcupine (Hystrixcristata)

Occurrence of the Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica Kerr.1792) and the Damage on Plantation Crops in the Nilambur Forest Divisions of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India