<div style="text-align: justify;">A piston extrusion system was designed for formation of peda (milk based sweet). The system is comprised of a jacketed cylindrical barrel, piston, cylindrical die, and temperature controlled water circulator. &nbsp;Piston mechanism was used for pressurized extrusion of the peda into disc shape using cylindrical die. Rotary type cutting blade was used to cut the formed peda&rsquo;s at the bottom of the die. Developed system was evaluated on the basis of barrel temperature (26, 30 and 34&deg;C), pressure (270, 540, 810 kPa) and die geometry (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2). Temperature and moisture content of peda mix were the critical factors affecting formation of peda. Quality of extruded peda sweets pieces were judged on the basis of weight, density, geometrical features (diameter and sphericity), deformation and edge sharpness.</div>

Design aspect of temperature controlled piston extrusion system for formation of <em>peda</em>- milk based sweet

<div style="text-align:justify">A 6-row pre-emergence herbicide strip-application system was designed and developed at ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal as an attachment to inclined-plate planter to apply herbicide at the time of sowing in widely spaced crops to control weeds along the crop rows, often not possible in mechanical weeding. It consisted of a frame on which 6 flat fan spray nozzles were mounted by means of clamps, a single action piston pump with 9 l/min capacity, pressure regulator valve and pressure gauge and pressure pipes. The spacing between the spray nozzles, angle and height of spray nozzles can be varied by adjusting the clamps. The developed system has ability of strip as well as blanket application of herbicide. The same machine can be used as post-emergence herbicide/pesticide applicator after the removal of furrow openers and increasing the height of nozzles from the ground. The machine was tested and evaluated during Kharif season for soybean and pigeon pea crops. The field capacity of the developed system was found to be 0.4 ha/h. The operating cost of the pre-emergence herbicide applicator with inclined plate planter was worked out as Rs 1350/- per ha. It can save about 40-50% herbicide.</div>

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Design aspect of temperature controlled piston extrusion system for formation of peda- milk based sweet

Weed Control using Pre-emergence Herbicide Strip Application System Along with Sowing/Planting Devices

Design aspect of temperature controlled piston extrusion system for formation of peda- milk based sweet

​Weed Control using Pre-emergence Herbicide Strip Application System Along with Sowing/Planting Devices

Weed Control using Pre-emergence Herbicide Strip Application System Along with Sowing/Planting Devices