<div>Background: An experimental study was conducted during June-November 2020 at Tungjoy village of Manipur, India, to assess the assemblage pattern, abundance and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in simultaneously integrated paddy-cum-fish culture (IPFC). 
 
Methods: The experimental IPFC fields were prepared by enhancing width and height of dykes and constructing central refuge pond. Rice saplings were manually transplanted into the prepared fields in June 2020 while the common carp fingerlings were introduced 30 days after rice-transplantation. Both rice and fish were harvested in November 2020. Assemblage pattern, abundance and dynamics of phytoplankton, soil nutrients and water quality were analysed for three seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) in paddy fields without fish (PF) compared with IPFC fields. Relevant fish growth parameters were analysed on monthly basis.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The study recorded 37 genera of phytoplankton belonging to 25 families and 18 orders falling under class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophyceae was the most diverse class. Phytoplankton density ranges from 14.00&plusmn;1.57 &times; 103 to 33.25&plusmn;3.60 &times; 103 &micro;L-1 and 9.05&plusmn;2.27 &times; 103 to 33.06&plusmn;3.45 &times; 103 &micro;L-1 in PF and IPFC, respectively, wherein Chlorophyceae dominated during monsoon and post-monsoon. Phytoplankton in IPFC was lower than PF, indicating effective utilisation by the reared fish. Fish production from IPFC fields was 326 kg ha-1 with 83% survival rate while rice production was enhanced by 7.4% as compared to rice monoculture.</div>

Seasonal Dynamics of Phytoplankton in Integrated Paddy-cum-Fish Culture

<div style="text-align: justify;">This study was conducted on 100 Fish Farmers of Nazeemabad village of Udham Singh Nagar District of Uttarakhand. Need was assessed through survey schedule. On the basis of need assessment, an online lecture was delivered. After that knowledge was assessed. It was reported that majority of fish farmers were unaware about techniques for checking phytoplankton and zooplankton, weed management in pond, Irrigation and drainage management, pH and Oxygen level measurement, ways of diseases control. Majority of respondents (98 per cent) were facing many constraints as productivity of soils of the pond, Lack of adequate marketing channels, Lack of proper training/exposure visits and lack of adequate marketing channels. An online video lecture was delivered by fisheries expert. It was observed that knowledge was increased after listening a lecture.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Empowerment of fish farmers through Online Lecture&nbsp;</div>

<div>Background: Bivalves are benthic animals existing in coastal habitats, particularly mudflats and tidal. Because of their availability, rich protein content and cheaper cost, they contribute a major portion of the small-scale fishery resource worldwide. Limited information has been available on the food-feeding and habitat structures of bivalves along Indian waters. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to know the food-feeding and habitat preferred by wedge clam, Donax cuneatus off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Soil, water and wedge clam samples were collected from the selected site from September 2019 to March 2021 and soil texture, water quality parameters and gut contents were analyzed at the laboratory.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Result: During the study period, salinity, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were in the range from 31-37&permil;, 24-28&deg;C, 7.7-8.7 and 4.1-5.8 mg/l, respectively. Wedge clams were mainly observed at sandy beaches up to 10 cm in depth. Donax cuneatus mainly feeds on detritus (65%), followed by phytoplankton (31%) and zooplankton (4%). Hence, the diverse fluctuation of food particles, season-specific food and feeding biology and local environmental conditions at the studied region might be the responsible features for the availability of Donax cuneatus.</div>

Seasonal Dynamics of Phytoplankton in Integrated Paddy-cum-Fish Culture

Empowerment of fish farmers through Online Lecture

Food and Feeding Habits of Wedge Clam (Donax cuneatus) Off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India