Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin production or function. Emerging evidence suggests that blood-borne components from healthy individuals can enhance glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in diabetic subjects. The primary aim of our work is to provide a comprehensive, reproducible protocol for establishing a diabetic parabiosis model in rodents, which can serve as a foundation for future metabolic and pharmacological investigations. 
 
Methods: Twenty four young female rats aged 2-4 months were used in this study. The animals were dived into three groups: isochronic diabetic, heterochronic diabetic and heterochronic non-diabetic. Five days after parabiosis surgical procedure, 50 mg/kg single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intraperitoneally to diabetic groups. Blood glucose levels were measured from the tail vein 72 hours post-STZ, After eight weeks, rats were sacrificed and angiogenesis between parabionts was verified through dissection. 
 
Result: The group with heterochronic diabetes parabiosis had significantly higher blood glucose levels than their non-diabetic peers. When compared to baseline values, blood glucose levels in diabetic groups were shown to be considerably higher following STZ delivery. There was no discernible difference between the diabetes groups. This study presents a detailed protocol for diabetic parabiosis, aiming to bridge basic research and clinical insights and to inspire novel therapeutic approaches for DM.

The Diabetic Parabiosis Model: Unlocking New Therapeutic Pathways in Diabetes Research