<div>Background: Optimization of co-cultivation parameters during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to Oxalis corniculata evaluated were bacterial density, infection period, acetosyringone (AS) concentration and co-cultivation temperature. Five fold transformation efficiency is achieved in transient gus gene expression after optimizing various parameters. The optimized conditions were Agrobacterium tumefaciens growth phase of A600nm 0.17, infection period of 30 min, addition of acetosyringone (AS) in co-cultivation medium (400 &mu;M) and cocultivation temperature of 22&deg;C. 
 
Methods: Oxalis corniculata (L.) were used for&nbsp; transformation. Bacterial culture was added to 50 ml of liquid YEP medium with kanamycin and rifampicin and grown until reaching the growth phase (A600nm). Bacterial density ranged from A600nm 0.17, 0.56,0.80 and 1.34 OD were used in the present study. The co-cultivation medium made of solid MS medium consisted of BAP 2 mg L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg L-1 and various concentrations of AS at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400,600 and 800 &mu;M. Histochemical analysis of gene expression was carried out. 
 
Result: Higher bacterial density resulted in more transformation efficiency, but also higher necrosis in the explants. Dilution of bacterial suspension reduced necrosis in explants and resulted in higher transformation. The transformation efficiency is 64% when the infection process was carried out with acetosyringone in co-cultivation medium (400 &mu;M). Our studies proved that among the optimized conditions, cocultivation temperature and acetosyringone were the critical parameters during Agrobacterium mediated transformation.</div>

Optimization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation in Oxalis corniculata (L.)

Background: Oxalis corniculata L. plant found to be toxic to livestock once they eaten a huge quantity of plant, however very scanty information is available on toxicities of O. corniculata in livestock as well as in experimental animals. 
 
Methods: Subacute oral toxicity study of O. corniculata was evaluated @ 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt. by oral gavage for 28 days. General performance, hematobiochemical profile and histopathological alterations were evaluated. 
 
Result: No abnormal behavior was observed in any of the groups. Significant decreased feed consumption and body weight was observed in high dose treated group. There was significant dose dependent decrease in Hb, MCV, MCHC, TLC and lymphocyte count and increase in PCV, TEC and neutrophil. Serum AST, ALT, creatinine and BUN increased significantly and serum calcium, phosphorous, total protein, albumin and globulin decreased significantly in high dose group. Liver and kidney showed dose dependent alterations, degeneration suggested dose depending hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of Oxalis corniculata in Mice

<div>Background: Nitrogen and phosphorus are amongst fundamental macronutrients, which are crucial for the growth and development of plant. Soils of dry land of central Rajasthan are deficit in nitrogen and phosphorus content which leads to lower productivity of kasuri methi. Therefore, adequate supply of nitrogen (foliar spray) and phosphorus could enhance productivity of kasuri methi. 
 
Methods: The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations including four levels of phosphorus (control, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and four levels of foliar application of nitrogen (control, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%). They were under taken in FRBD with three replications. 
 
Result: Growth parameters and yield of fresh and dried leaves of the crop increased almost linearly with increasing levels of phosphorus and foliar application of nitrogen. The result indicated that application of phosphorus 60 kg/ha and foliar nitrogen @ 2.0% to the kasuri methi crop significantly increased the plant height (cm) and leaf area per plant (cm2) at each harvest, number of nodules per plant (58.17 and 53.33, respectively) and chlorophyll content (2.32 and 2.39 mg/100 g, respectively), fresh leaves yield (139.1 and 141.66 q/ha, respectively), dry leaves yield (20.01 and 22.38 q/ha, respectively), protein content in leaves (5.28 and 5.75%, respectively) and ascorbic acid in leaves (218.15 and 222.42 mg/100 g, respectively).</div>

Optimization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation in Oxalis corniculata (L.)

Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of Oxalis corniculata in Mice

Influence of Phosphorous and Foliar Nitrogen on the Growth, Quality and Yield of Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata L.)