<p style="text-align: justify;">Classical swine fever (CSF) is a major hazardous disease to the pigs and as a dangerous epidemic; it causes a serious economic losses to the pig industry. Though, a national compulsory immunization of CSF vaccines had been carried out for a long time, scarce information can be got about the immune effect of CSF in Tibetan pigs. The present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi area of Tibet, China. A total 454 samples were collected from November 2014 to January 2015 and were investigated through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that 241 (53.1%, 95% CI 48.4-57.8) pigs were found to be positive for CSF with the further distribution of 53.3% (95% CI 46.8&ndash;59.6), 49.5% (95% CI 42.2-56.8) and 93.8% (95% CI 69.8-99.8) in Tibetan counties of Nyingchi, Mainling and Gongbo&rsquo;gyamda, respectively. There was no significant difference in male (52.8%, 95% CI 46.4-59.1) and female pigs (50.0%, 95% CI 42.6-57.4). Though, 53.1% of &nbsp;the serum samples were tested out positive to CSF, only the seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs in Gongbo&rsquo;gyamda were higher than 70% which was ruled by the government. The low seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs should arise a serious concern and effective methods should be taken, in order to prevent CSF infection effectively.</p>


<p>Epidemiological survey of classical swine fever in Tibetan&nbsp;pigs in Nyingchi, Tibet China</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this study was to detect the levels of calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn) and selenium(Se) in the Tibetan pigs (&gt;6-months-old) in Nyingchi Region(Tibet Autonomous region, P.R.China) in 2016, to discover abnormal contents of several macro- and microelements of Tibetan pigs. Liver tissue and whole blood samples were analyzed for Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se content by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The measured values were compared with reported values to discover any mineral imbalances of the Tibetan pigs. Whole blood and hepatic contents of calcium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc and selenium were significantly lower, and the phosphorus content significantly higher, than the reported values in pig bodies. The iron content in Tibetan pig liver in spring was as low as 235.50 &plusmn; 65.54 mg/kg, and the phosphorus content as high as 1537.75 &plusmn; 194.07mg/kg; significant differences were found compared to other seasons (P &lt; 0.05). The results indicate that mineral deficiency and imbalance was widespread in Tibetan pigs and there were seasonal effects.</div>

Seasonal variation of Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se contents in Tibetan pigs&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;

<p><span style="background-color:rgb(252, 252, 252); color:rgb(96, 96, 96); font-family:open sans; font-size:15px">To investigate the seroprevalence of Streptococcus&nbsp;suis&nbsp;(S. suis) in Tibetan pigs on Tibetan plateau of China, a total of 454 serum samples were collected from December 2014 to January 2015 and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Streptococcus antibodies. The seroprevalence was found to be 61.79% (95% CI 55.4-67.9), 57.81% (95% CI 50.5-64.9) and 62.50% (95% CI 35.4-84.8) in Tibetan counties of Nyingchi, Mainling and Gongbo&rsquo;gvamda respectively; and 61.34% (95% CI 54.1-68.2) of females and 59.23 % (95% CI 53.0-65.3) of males were found to be positive for S. suis. These findings suggested a high seroprevalence of S. suis in Tibet pigs triggering a public concern.</span></p>


Epidemiological survey of classical swine fever in Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi, Tibet China

Seasonal variation of Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se contents in Tibetan pigs

Seroprevalence of Streptococcus suis in Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China