<div style="text-align: justify;">The experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during July-November of 2012. The treatments consisted of three levels of FYM - F1 (20 t ha-1), F2 (15 t ha-1) and F3 (10 t ha-1) and three levels of substitution of the recommended dose of nitrogen. The levels of substitution are N1 (100 % recommended dose of N- 75 kg ha-1), N2 (75 % recommended dose of N -56.25 kg ha-1) and N3 (50 % recommended dose of N - 37.5 kg ha-1). Three controls were, C1 -Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) POP recommendation (FYM @ 25 t ha-1 along with 75:40:25 kg N:P2O5:K20 ha-1 as inorganic fertilizer), C2 &ndash;KAU Adhoc organic POP recommendation (FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Poultry manure at 5 t ha-1 + Pseudomonas &nbsp;+ Trichoderma and PGPR mix 1, each @ 2.5 kg ha-1) and C3-Farmers practice &ndash; (Cow dung slurry @ 20 t &nbsp;ha-1). FYM @ 20 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches and LAI. The maximum value for all growth parameters were observed at 100% level of N substitution. Combined application of FYM @ 20 t ha-1 along with 100% substitution of recommended dose of N (75 kg ha-1) in organic form registered maximum plant height, branches, LAI, and root spread.</div>

Effect of various organic nutrient schedules on growth and nutrient uptake of chilli (Capsicum annuum)

<div style="text-align: justify;">A field experiment was conducted at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13 during autumn season of 2015 to study the nutrient management of direct seeded autumn rice under various irrigation schedules. The experiment consisted of four irrigation schedules viz., I1(No irrigation), I2(Irrigation at tiller initiation (TI) + boot leaf stage (BL)), I3(Irrigation at TI + panicle initiation (PI) + BL), I4 (Irrigation at TI + PI + Grain filling stage(GF)) and three nutrient management practices viz.,F1(100 % RDF +2t/ha FYM), F2(50 % RDF +1.5 t/ha enriched compost), F3(50 % RDF + 1.5 t/ha Vermicompost). The trial was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The soil was sandy loam. Inglongkiri rice variety was used in the experiment. &nbsp;Results revealed that irrigation schedule I3(Irrigation at TI + PI + BL) recorded significantly the highest growth characters of rice in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, and dry matter accumulation. Different nutrient management practices brought about significant differences in plant population per and dry matter accumulation. The highest of these parameters were recorded under application of 50% RDF along with 1.5 t/ha enriched compost and this was statically at par with F1 (100% RDF +2 t/ha FYM).</div>

Growth parameters of autumn rice under various irrigation schedules and nutrient management

<div>Background: Irrigation and proper nutrient management that determines the productivity of the groundnut especially during the critical stages of the crop growth.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The experiments laid out in split plot design comprising of&nbsp;three levels of irrigation scheduling [0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I1), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (I2) and 0.4 IW/CPE ratio (I3)] in main plots and four nutrient management practices viz., N1- 75% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk, N2 - 50% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk, N3 - 75% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk along with seed treatment of Abuscular mycorrhiza and N4 - 50% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk along with seed treatment Arbuscular mycorrhiza in sub plots and replicated thrice.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Highest pod yield (2003, 2099 and 2063 kg ha-1 during summer, kharif and rabi 2017, respectively) of groundnut was registered with irrigation scheduling at&nbsp;0.8 IW/CPE ratio along with 75% of RDF and 5 t of charred rice husk as basal with seed treatment of Arbuscular mycorrhiza. The maximum water use efficiency was also recorded under of the same treatment (4.16, 7.07 and 4.86 kg ha-1 mm-1 during the various seasons respectively). The highest B:C ratio of 2.2, 2.4 and 2.2 was recorded during summer, kharif and rabi 2017, respectively were also registered with same combination irrigation and nutrient management.</div>

<div>Influence of Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Application on Water Use, Productivity and Profitability of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)</div>

<div>Background: Water shortage is a key obstacle to the sustainable supply of food to the world and Indian population, since largest consumptive water use. This research paper determines he water footprint of green and blue water for groundnut under an irrigated conditions during different seasons.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu during summer,&nbsp;kharif and&nbsp;rabi 2016-2018. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three levels of irrigation scheduling namely 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 IW/CPE ratios and sub-plots comprised of four nutrient management practices viz., 75% of RDF with 5 tones/ha of charred rice husk, 50% of RDF with 5 tones/ha of charred rice husk, 75% of RDF with 5 tones/ha of charred rice husk along with seed treatment of Arbuscular mycorrhiza and 50% of RDF with 5 tones/ha of charred rice husk along with seed treatment Arbuscular mycorrhiza. 
 
Result: The study revealed that the growth attributes, pod yield and haulm yield, rain and irrigation water content and water use studies of groundnut were registered higher with irrigation scheduling at 0.8 IW/CPE ratios along with the application of 75% RDF and 5 tones/ha of charred rice husk as basal with seed treatment of Arbuscular mycorrhiza. The higher green water content has been recorded with irrigation scheduling at 0.6 and 0.4 IW/CPE ratios during summer&rsquo; and kharif&rsquo; 2017. The higher blue water content was recorded under irrigation scheduling at 0.8 IW/CPE ratios during all three seasons.</div>

Green and Blue Water Footprint for Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Management Practices

<div>Background: Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is an important short duration crop and is grown throughout the country. Seed treatment can improve seedling establishment and better crop stand; it also improves plants ability to tolerate stress at early growth stages and foliar application has the advantage of quick and efficient utilization of nutrients, elimination of nutrient losses through leaching and fixation in soil and also helps in regulating the uptake of nutrients by plants thus improving productivity. 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2018 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram to assess the effect of different levels of seed treatments and nutrient schedule on the growth and yield of blackgram. The growth attributes, yield attributes and yield viz., number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, length of pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield, haulm yield and harvest index were favorably influenced by the treatments. 
 
Result: Seed treatment with borax @ 1 g kg-1 seed and sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed were&nbsp;observed superior in increasing plant height (135.84 cm), number of trifoliate leaves per plant (7.61), pods per plant (24.16), length of pod (5.23 cm), 100 seed weight (6.74 g), grain yield (1005 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.38). Significantly higher nodule number (41.83), effective nodule number (33.83) and weight of nodules (58.83 mg) plant-1 at flowering were documented with sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed. In case of seeds per pod significantly higher number of pods per plant (7.33) was observed with borax @ 2 g kg-1 seed and maximum haulm yield (1854 kg ha-1) reported with sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed. The basal application of &frac12; N + full P + &frac12; K followed by &frac12; N and &frac12; K as foliar spray of 13:0:45 at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS produced significantly more 100 seed weight (6.52 g), grain yield (872 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1750 kg ha-1). Interaction effect of boron and molybdenum also showed significant influence with respect to yield attributes and yield.</div>

Effect of Seed Treatment and Nutrient Schedule on the Productivity of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

<div>Background: A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive Rabi (winter) seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India to assess the impact of wheat varieties and integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient content and uptake and soil nutrient status. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.24%), available nitrogen (159 kg/ha) and Zn (0.41 mg/kg), medium in available phosphorus (38.90 kg/ha) and high in available potash (287 kg/ha). 
 
Methods: Experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications, consist of four wheat varieties viz. GW 273, GW 322, GW 451 and GW 496 and six integrated nutrient management (INM) practices viz. control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 and 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The pooled results indicated that uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by grain and straw, grain yield and straw yield were found higher with wheat variety GW 451 as compared to other wheat varieties. Nutrient content in grain and straw was not significantly affected by different wheat varieties. Among nutrient management practices, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, uptake, grain yield and straw of wheat were significantly higher under application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. Further, result revealed that different wheat varieties did not bring any significant variation in available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and organic carbon content in soil. Moreover, highest available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil was recorded with the application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. However, significantly higher organic carbon and zinc content in soil was observed under 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB +ZnSO4.</div>

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

<div style="text-align: justify;">Water is one of the most essential natural resource, which is often costly and limiting input particularly in arid and Semi-arid. Since water is the life line for accruing desired yield levels, its time of application, method of application and quantity applied levels besides saving water. Further, there is a need for judicious use of water to reap the maximum benefit from this limiting resource. Off late, amongst irrigation methods, drip irrigation plays a vital role in economizing irrigation water, higher water use efficiency and enhancing crop yield in water scarce areas. Many research findings also confirm considerable saving in irrigation water through adoption of precise irrigation method like drip irrigation. The response of wheat to surface check basin and drip irrigation is reviewed.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Irrigation Scheduling through Drip/Surface Method: A Review on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Water Productivity of Wheat</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Water is the prime natural resource, which is often costly and limiting input particularly in arid and semi arid regions, hence needs judicious use to reap the maximum benefit from this limiting resource. Indian farmers are now finding ways to shift from traditional practices to more modern technologies for crop production. Of late, drip irrigation is receiving better appreciation, acceptance, and adaption and plays an important role in saving the water in water scarce areas. It enables the efficient use of limited water with higher water use efficiency. Adaptation of drip irrigation in rabi maize which is one of the amenable crop for drip irrigation system is gaining momentum because of its higher productivity coupled with higher price. Irrigation application can be reduced by 50 to 80 per cent with drip irrigation compared to surface irrigation. Further, drip irrigation has the potential for improving two of the most common contributing factors to N leaching &ndash; over fertilization and over irrigation. Therefore, optimum irrigation levels with suitable method would help in enhancing the economic yield as well as water use efficiency of maize crop.</div>

Irrigation scheduling through drip and surface methods- A critical review on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use studies of rabi maize &nbsp;

The present investigation reports diversity in contents of &nbsp;cell wall components, nutrients and anti-nutrients in flours of lupin genotypes belonging to 3 species viz. Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and Lupinus angustifolius. Lupin genotypes exhibited 96.17&plusmn;0.24-98.36&plusmn;0.16% dry matter, 8.33&plusmn;0.18-30.94&plusmn;1.8 g hundred seed weight, 27&plusmn;1.41-36&plusmn;1.0% neutral detergent fibre, 22.25&plusmn;0.92-29.65&plusmn;1.48% acid detergent fibre, 0.85&plusmn;0.21-3.4&plusmn;0.71% lignins, 21.05&plusmn;2.33-26.90&plusmn;0.85% cellulose, 4.15&plusmn;1.2-10.75&plusmn;0.49% hemi-cellulose, 7.0&plusmn;0.1-10.1&plusmn;0.42% oil, 15.87&plusmn;0.88-30.1&plusmn;2.52% proteins, 9.02&plusmn;0.24-21.69&plusmn;1.33 mg/g sucrose and 29.70&plusmn;1.43-55.49&plusmn;2.25 mg/g starch. The contents of different anti-nutrients were in the range of 0.29&plusmn;0.04-0.52&plusmn;0.07 mg/g phytic acid, 0.85&plusmn;0.17-2.75&plusmn;0.06 mg/g saponins, 0.61&plusmn;0.10-1.34&plusmn;0.05 mg/g tannins, 1.80&plusmn;0.07-3.64&plusmn;0.13 mg/g total phenols and 85.63&plusmn;2.06-182.9&plusmn;17.6 mg/g amylase inhibitor activity. Lectins were absent in all lupin genotypes as well as in chickpea check &lsquo;GPF-2&rsquo;. Carotenoids isochromic red and yellow fractions in lupin genotypes were 0.21&plusmn;0.06-2.22&plusmn;0.31 and 0.71&plusmn;0.15-9.35&plusmn;1.98 mg/g, respectively. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX) varied from 3.6&plusmn;0.85-10.95&plusmn;1.63 units/g for LOX-I and 3.1&plusmn;0.71-9.8&plusmn;0.1 units/g for LOX-II isozymes. All the lupin genotypes exhibited higher dry matter, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, oil, sucrose, phytic acid content and lower LOX-I and II activities as compared to chickpea check variety &lsquo;GPF-2&rsquo; at 5% level of significance. White lupins, Kiev Mutant and Andromeda were found to be better in nutritional quality as compared to chickpea check and other lupin genotypes studied. 
&nbsp;

Comparison of cell wall constituents, nutrients&nbsp;and anti-nutrients of lupin genotypes

<div>Background: The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers and the negligence on soil health regarding the conservation and use of organic sources of nutrients have not only caused the exhaustion of soil nutrient reserves but also resulted in soil health problems which is not conducive to achieving consistent increase in agricultural production. The beneficial influence of organic matter on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil is well known, the full appreciation of the same remains which is unfortunately ignored in modern agriculture. The regular recycling of organic wastes in the soil is the most efficient method of maintaining optimum nutrient reserves of soil and nutrient uptake by the plant. The Present Study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient status of soil under integrated usage of organic and inorganic sources. 
 
Methods: A field experiment entitled &ldquo;Nutrient Management Interventions in Rice-Ragi Sequence&rdquo; was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 on sandy loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The seven treatments consisted of T1: 100% RDF (100-60-40 kg N-P-K ha-1); T2: 100% RDF + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T3: 125% RDF+Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T4: 75% RDF + Poultrymanure&nbsp; @ 0.82 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 50 kg ha-1; T5: 75% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T6:50% RDF + Poultrymanure @ 1.6 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 and T7: 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1. The experiment was laidout in randomized block design with seven treatments and replicated thrice during kharif rice and in rabi each kharif treatment was subdivided into four sub treatments (S1: Nofertilizer, S2: 100% RDF, S3:75% RDF and S4:50% RDF) and hence, The split plot design was adopted in rabi. Total No.of plots per each replication in the rabi was 28 (7x4=28).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc have increased significantly with the fertility levels and organics. 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 recorded the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc contents and uptakes in grain and straw of rice. In no till rabi ragi, N, P, K, Zn and calcium content and uptake in grain and straw were found to be significantly superior with 100% RDF (S2) to the rest of the treatments in both the years and in pooled data.</div>

Effect of various organic nutrient schedules on growth and nutrient uptake of chilli (Capsicum annuum)

Growth parameters of autumn rice under various irrigation schedules and nutrient management

Influence of Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Application on Water Use, Productivity and Profitability of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Green and Blue Water Footprint for Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Management Practices

Effect of Seed Treatment and Nutrient Schedule on the Productivity of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

Irrigation Scheduling through Drip/Surface Method: A Review on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Water Productivity of Wheat

Irrigation scheduling through drip and surface methods- A critical review on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use studies of rabi maize

Comparison of cell wall constituents, nutrients and anti-nutrients of lupin genotypes

Effect of Nutrient Management Interventions on Nutrient Uptake of Rice-zero Till Ragi under Coastal Lands