<div style="text-align:justify"><strong>Background:</strong> Intestinal health of livestock and poultry is the basis of their body health. Different expression of growth factors is important cause of intestinal dysfunction, which further induced the illness of livestock and poultry. S-Methylmethionine Sulfonium Chloride (SMMSC) is also the main metabolite of methionine in animals. However, there are few studies exploring the relationship between SMMSC and intestinal epithelial growth factors.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>Piglet jejunal epithelial cells IPEC-J2 were treated with different concentrations of SMMSC at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM for 24 h respectively. Then real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting (WB) were employed to detect the expression of Mucin-2 (MUC2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-&beta;1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>The results showed that 0.5 and 1 mM of SMMSC could stimulate the expression of MUC2, EGF, GLP-2 and IGF-1 while inhibit the expression of TGF-&beta;1 in both mRNA and protein level (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). It is of great significance to repair intestinal mucosa injury, maintain intestinal mucosa barrier and promote intestinal development.</div>


<p>Effects of S-Methylmethionine Sulfonium Chloride on the Expression of Mucin 2 and Relevant Growth Factors in Piglet Jejunal Epithelial Cells</p>


<div>A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of digestible threonine in graded concentrations on production performance and mucosal barrier function in layers. A total of 180 layers at 25 weeks of age were randomly distributed into six treatment groups each with five replicates of 6 birds each. The experimental diets were isocaloric with three crude protein(CP) levels i.e. low 13.46% CP(LCP), medium 15.56% CP (MCP) and high 17.05% CP(HCP) and three lysine &nbsp;levels (13.46/0.65%; 15.56/0.60%; 17.00/0.70%) each with 63 and 66% threonine concentrations and were offered to &nbsp;treatment groups for 20 weeks. Increase (p&lt;0.05) in egg production was observed with an increase in protein/lysine level and threonine concentration. Mucin gene (MUC2) expression was increased (p&lt;0.05) in LCP group and was evident at 66% threonine concentrations in LCP and MCP and 63% threonine concentration in HCP. The results of the study concluded that the diet with 13.46% CP and 0.65% lysine at 66% threonine were optimum for layers at 25-44 weeks of age.&nbsp;</div>


Effects of S-Methylmethionine Sulfonium Chloride on the Expression of Mucin 2 and Relevant Growth Factors in Piglet Jejunal Epithelial Cells

Concentration of Digestible Threonine in Diet on Production Performance and Intestinal Morphometry of WL Layers