<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of fever on distribution, kinetic parameters and dosage regimen of minocycline in goats was studied. Concentrations of minocycline (5 mg.kg-1, i.v.) in plasma, milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) were estimated in six afebrile and febrile goats by microbiological assay. Fever was induced by i.m. injection of lipopolysccharide of Eschreichia coli @ 0.20 mg.kg-1 i.m. which induced an in temperature of 1. 5 &ndash; 2.00F after 1 h of injection which was maintained for 8 h. Three injections of endotoxin were given during the period of study. Minocycline attained its mean peak concentration in milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) earlier in febrile goats (0.75 h) than in afebrile goats (1 h). Kinetic parameters like &nbsp;absorption rate constant (a), elimination rate constant (b), elimination rate constant from central to peripheral compartment (K12), elimination rate constant from peripheral to central constant (K21) and elimination rate constant from central compartment (Kel) were higher in febrile goats as compared to afebrile goats. Dosage regimen in goat, particularly in febrile condition was calculated so that it may be a guideline for physicians to treat the animals. Loading dose and maintenance doses were dependent on &acirc; and hence, for maintaining mean therapeutic level of 0.5&igrave;g/ml in plasma, a loading dose (D*) of 6.9 mg/kg and maintenance dose (D0) of 4.7 mg/kg at dosage interval (g) of 12 h may be used in afebrile goats whereas higher doses of D* of 7.8 mg/kg followed by D0 of 6.1 mg/kg at g of 12 h may be administered in febrile goats.</div>

Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and disposition in biological fluids of minocycline in goats

Background: Minocycline (Mino) has a longer half-life than 1st-generation tetracycline. A trace element, Cu is necessary for the operation of numerous cellular enzymes as it is an essential component in free radical scavenging and enzyme redox chemistry. 
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Methods: FT-IR, electronic spectra (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, TEM were used to characterize the novel complex (Mino/Cu). The molar conductance value validates that the Cu (II) complex is not electrolytic. Mino is chelated with Cu (II) via (C=O) ketonic oxygen atoms and (OH) groups based on spectral data. Cu (II)&rsquo;s complex surface morphology showed up as tiny rectangular projections, according to SEM analysis. TEM showed that the Cu (II) chelate formed black spots with particle sizes between 9 and 23 nm. Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation and antibacterial activity against three resistant strains (Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis) are estimated in vitro along with the scavenging capabilities of ORAC free radicals. 
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Result: The study found that the Mino/Cu complex had strong anticancer properties, inhibiting MCF-7 proliferation growth and cancer cell viability by 57.54 &micro;g/ml at concentrations of 100 ug/ml. It also showed strong antibacterial properties against S.enteritidis, K. pneumonia and B.subtilis at low concentrations. The complex also demonstrated high antioxidant activity with ORAC activity 1581 (&micro;M Trolox eq/ml).

Spectroscopic Analysis of Copper Minocycline Novel Complex and Evaluation of its Potent Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-breast Cancer (MCF-7) Properties