<div><strong>Background:</strong> Various antibacterial drugs are substrates for drug metabolizing enzymes. They suffer from reduced bioavailability after oral administration in chickens. Herbal bio-enhancers increased the absorption of co-administered drugs. Hence, present study was planned to explore the bio-enhancing effect of piperine and quercetin pretreatment on pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was investigated following single dose (5 mg/kg) oral administration in piperine, quercetin alone and both in combination pretreated (10 mg/kg each, oral, 3 days) broiler chickens. The concentrations of marbofloxacin in plasma samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> Following single oral administration of marbofloxacin, elimination half-lives (t<sub>1/2&beta;</sub>) were 6.23 &plusmn; 1.01, 5.69 &plusmn; 0.39 and 7.71 &plusmn; 0.59 h in piperine, quercetin and both in combination pretreated chickens, respectively. The elimination half-life (t<sub>1/2&beta;</sub>), apparent volume of distribution (Vd<sub>(area)</sub>/F) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly (p &lt;0.05) higher in combination pretreated chickens as compared to piperine and quercetin alone groups. Piperine and quercetin combined pretreatment has improved the pharmacokinetics profile of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens. Findings of the study are expedient for the development of protocol for use of bio-enhancers with antibiotics in broiler chickens.</div>


<div>Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Oral Administration in Piperine, Quercetin Alone and Both in Combination Pretreated Broiler Chickens</div>


<div style="text-align:justify"><strong>Background:</strong> It is hypothesized that feeding lactic acid as a feed additive has the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of many antimicrobial drugs being used for the treatment of infectious disease in general and marbofloxacin in particular; leading to either increased or decreased efficiency. Hence, the present study was planned to explore the effects of lactic acid pre-treatment on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was investigated following single dose oral administration (5 mg/kg) in lactic acid pre-treated (8 gm/l each, oral, 10 days) broiler chickens. The plasma concentration of marbofloxacin was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to workout pharmacokinetic profile of marbofloxacin using non compartment model.&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The AUC (area under curve) of marbofloxacin declined from 14.70 &igrave;g&middot;h/mL to 6.16 &igrave;g&middot;h/mL after pre-treatment of lactic acid. Similarly, the average values of maximum plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) of drug decreased from 2.11 &igrave;g/mL to 0.98 &igrave;g/mL and mean body clearance (ClB) increased from 0.47 L/h/kg to 1.03 L/h/kg. The average elimination half-lives (t&frac12;&acirc;) of marbofloxacin before and after pre-treatment with lactic acid were 4.89 h and 2.81 h, respectively. Furthermore, the investigation revealed alteration of pharmacokinetic parameters evident in lactic acid pre-treated broiler chickens (as compared to non pre-treated birds) requiring adjustment of dosage regimens.&nbsp;</div>


Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Oral Administration in Piperine, Quercetin Alone and Both in Combination Pretreated Broiler Chickens

Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Oral Administration in Lactic Acid Pretreated Broiler Chickens