<div>Background: The importance of grain legumes in world food sustainability cannot be overemphasized. Minor legumes on the other hand, contribute to agricultural strengthening, especially in the context of sustainable crop and livestock production systems. In the context of assessing different legume species for crop improvement and identification, twenty (20) accessions of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet collected to determine the degree of trait variability and to identify accessions with potentials, which can contribute to grain and forage production. 
 
Methods: The present study involved the evaluation of twenty (20) accessions of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet from IITA, Ibadan. The accessions were grown in the experimental plot and DNA from young and healthy leaves were isolated for determination of genetic diversity using ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL). The accessions were also categorized into groups based on the performances and the highest discriminating traits that accounted for greater variability using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) respectively.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Cluster analysis grouped all the twenty accessions into three clusters, where cluster I, cluster II and cluster III comprised of eight, seven and five accessions respectively. The PCA revealed hundred seed-weights, number of pod per plant and seed length as the most discriminating trait that accounted for greater variability in the Lablab accessions considered and they should be considered in the hyacinth bean improvement programs. Based on diverse level of phenotypic traits, accessions from each cluster were selected for barcode identification and comparison with other cultivars from other region. Results of the molecular analysis showed two clusters and authenticated the use of universal primers, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) for DNA barcoding for successful amplification, identification and discrimination of Lablab purpureus (L). This revealed diversity of the considered accessions and provided information on relatedness to other accessions from other region of the world.</div>

Phenotypic Evaluation of Traits and Barcode Identification using Plastid-specific Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase (Rbcl) Analysis on Lablab Beans [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]

<div style="text-align: justify;">A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Adilabad, Telangana State, India during kharif and rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of INM practices on hyacinth bean in baby corn-hyacinth bean cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design for baby corn during kharif season of 2015 season with seven treatments comprised of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, 150:60:60 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1), 25% N supplemented through Farm Yard Manure or vermicompost + 75% RDF with or without soil application of Azospirillum and Bacillus megaterium @ 5 kg ha-1 each and unfertilized control with 3 replications. Each main treatment was divided into four subplots during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 for hyacinth bean and the treatments of 100% RDF (20 kg N, 50 Kg P2O5 ha-1) and 75% RDF with or without Bradyrhizobium @ 500 g ha-1 (seed treatment) were imposed in split plot design. Mean data of two rabi seasons revealed that seed treatment with Bradyrhizobium in conjunction with 100% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, leaf area index, nodule number, dry matter production at harvest, higher number of pods plant 1, maximum pod length, pod weight and higher pod yield, respectively over 100% RDF alone, 75% RDF with or without seed treatment.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of integrated nutrient management practices on growth, yield attributes and yield of hyacinth bean in baby corn (Zea mays. L) &ndash; hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus var typicus) cropping system</div>

<div>Background: Assessment and molecular characterization of genetic diversity among the Dolichos lablab (L.) have huge implication in scheming strategies for breeding. In India, there is less comprehensive information on the potential genetic diversity of lablab bean and this is a major challenge for systematic use of lablab bean in genetic breeding programs. To exploit the available trait of interest, the genetic diversity of the locally available genotypes must be known. The PCR-based SSR approach requires just nanogram amounts of template DNA, subjected to quick detection and less influenced by environment. In this manner SSR have been utilizing broadly to study hereditary assorted qualities of yields. 
 
Methods: In this study, genetic diversity on ten Indian Dolichos lablab (L.) genotypes were surveyed utilizing SSR markers at Department of Botany, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi during 2019-20 got from Indian gene bank. For SSR analysis, 5 primers were used for checking the diversity in Dolichos lablab (L.) and the performance of markers were measured by using 4 parameters (1) PIC, (2) Mean resolving Power, (3) Resolving Power and (4) MI.&nbsp; 
 
Result: SSR (05) markers produced a total of 51 bands, out of which 45 bands (88.23%) were polymorphic which varies from 6 (Primer-111) to 15 (Primer-AGB-9) with mean of 10.5 bands per primer. The polymorphic information content value ranges from 0.265 to 0.488 with a mean value of 0.390. The value of Matrix index is 3.2. The value of resolving power ranges from 2.2 to 12.60 with a mean value of 7.40. In the UPGMA dendogram, the 10 genotypes were separated into two main clusters with all the primers used. Our present examination uncovered that genetic markers might be effectively used for deciding hereditary variety and connections in Dolichos lablab (L.) genotypes and could be utilized as a part of breeding programs.</div>

<div>Simple Sequence Repeats Marker based Detection of Genetic Diversity of Indian Bean Dolichos lablab (L.) of Family Fabaceae</div>

Background: Dolichos bean (Dolichos lablab L.), 2n = 22 is an important leguminous vegetable crop which provides protein, minerals and vitamins. The exploitation of variability is of great importance and is a prerequisite for the effective screening of superior genotypes. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried out to assess the variability and correlation for yield and other components which are useful to select the promising genotypes.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The study on variability and correlation in Dolichos Bean genotypes for yield and quality was conducted at the College Orchard, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Twenty lablab genotypes, sourced from various locations, were planted in a randomized block design with three replications during the kharif and rabi seasons of 2021 and 2022. Observations on growth, yield and quality traits were recorded and analysed for variance, variability and correlations. 
 
Result: In the kharif season, Ankur Gold yielded the highest green pods per plant (487.50 g), while Acc.7 yielded the lowest (89.59 g). In the pooled analysis, Ankur Gold (469.80 g) had the highest and Acc.6 (87.49 g) had the lowest green pod yield per plant. The study suggests using a selection index based on the number of racemes per plant, raceme length, number of pods per plant, green pod yield per plant and pod length to identify high yielding lablab genotypes.

Variability and Correlation Studies in Dolichos bean (Dolichos lablab L.)

<div>Background: Most of the plant characters are governed by polygenes and greatly influenced by environmental conditions. The progress of breeding is conditioned by the magnitude, nature and interrelationship of genotypic and non-genotypic variation. In most of the crop improvement programs, the improvement of one trait may cause advancement or deterioration in associated traits serves to emphasize the need for simultaneous consideration of all traits which determine the economic value of a genotype.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The present investigation was undertaken for Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] to construct efficient selection indices for selecting best progenies. The experiment was conducted with 55 progenies with checks GNIB-21 and GNIB-22 in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. An attempt was made to build a selection index by taking 3 different type of economic weights viz. equal weight [W1], genotypic correlation coefficients [W2] and genotypic path coefficients (Direct effect) [W3].&nbsp; 
 
Result: It has been seen that genetic gain of Indian bean of selected progenies observed higher with equal weight method as compared to weight assigned method with genotypic correlation coefficients and genotypic path coefficients (Direct effect). It has been concluded that the selection of progeny based on seed yield per plant, plant height, pod width and days to maturity provide higher genetic gain in Indian bean.</div>

​Construction of Selection Indices by using Different Economic Coefficients in Indian Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]

<div>Background: Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet is a widely cultivated legume vegetable for their seeds and pods. Assam has diverse cultivars of the genus and hence an excellent source of gene pool which needs to be utilised. The present study helps us in understanding the variation, correlation and principal components in the agronomically important traits, which can provide useful inputs on the breeding and improvement strategy of the crop. The study also aim to evaluate the genetic diversity among the selected genotypes of Lablab bean.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
Methods: A total of 16 (sixteen) quantitative parameters from 16 (sixteen) different genotypes were studied during the period 2020-2023. The traits were accessed for their variation and correlation. Genotypic variance (&nbsp;&sigma;2g&nbsp;), Phenotypic variance (&nbsp;&sigma;2p&nbsp;), Environmental variance (&nbsp;&sigma;2e&nbsp;), Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), were calculated based on standard method. Heritability in broad sense (h2b), Genetic Advance (GA) and Genetic Advance Percent of Mean (GAPM) were also estimated using the standard formula. Besides principal component of the traits and genetic divergence based on Mahalanobis distance were estimated. 
&nbsp; 
Result: Variability and significant correlation were observed among sixteen studied traits of Lablab genotypes. The study depicts influence of genetic factors on the traits. Strong positive correlation among several traits, with perfect correlation between locule/pod and seeds/pod (1.00). Total variance of the traits 84.81% was explained by 5 (five) components. The genotypes clustered in 4 (four) different clusters, with maximum genotypes in cluster 1.</div>

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Traits Correlation Analysis in Lablab Bean Genotypes from Assam, North-Eastern India

<div>Background: Indian bean, Lablab purpureus var. typicus (L.) Sweet (family: Fabaceae) is an important vegetable crop in India and other countries. The main reasons of variability in the pattern of resistance shown by different genotypes were explained by Painter (1951). Antibiosis is an adverse impact of the host plant on the biology of the insect pests and their progeny due to the biochemical and biophysical factors present in it. 
 
Methods: The experiment was laid out in a simple randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments, each replicated thrice. The plot size was 1.8x1.8 m2 keeping row to row and plant to plant distance of 45 cm each. The Indian bean varieties, Arka Jay, Konkan Bhushan, Diana, Bauni, Pari, JK Special and Ganganagar local were sown on 25th July in Kharif, 2019 (July-November). Horticulture Farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan). The recommended package of practices was followed to raise the crop. Various morphological parameters, viz., pod length, pod width, pod shell thickness, pod weight and number of seeds per pod were noted. The biochemical parameters, viz., moisture content, phenol content, total sugars, total protein and fibre content were analyzed.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results obtained were subjected to correlation and regression analysis to draw the impact of these parameters on pod damage. Morphological parameters like pod length, pod shell thickness showed positive correlation (r = 0.77) with pod damage. Biochemical parameters like moisture content in pods, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing and protein content showed a positive correlation (r = 0.84, 0.86, 0.82, 0.89 and 0.79) with pod damage. Phenol content and fibre content in pods had a negative correlation (r = -0.93 and -0.89) with pod damage.</div>

Morphological and Biochemical Basis of Resistance in Indian Bean, Lablab purpureus var. typicus (L.) Sweet Varieties against Pod Borers

Sixty four genotypes of Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] were evaluated for genetic variability and correlation coefficient analysis for green pod yield and its contributing characters. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Plant height, seed yield per plant, seed yield q/ha, green pod yield per plant, green pod yield q/ha, pod width, weight of 10 pod, number of green pod per plant, pericarp thickness and days to first flowering exhibited high GCV and PCV values indicating large amount of variation. The highest heritability estimate was observed for days to last picking (99.60 %). In the present study highest value of EGA was observed for the seed yield per plant (194.78%) followed by the green pod yield per plant (175.87%). Green pod yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with green pod yield q/ha, seed yield q/ha, plant height at 60 days, days to first flowering, days to first picking, days to last picking, weight of 10 pod, weight of 100 seed, number of green pod per plant, pod length, pericarp thickness, moisture percentage and seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.

Studies on genetic variability and character association in Indian bean&nbsp;[Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]

<div>Background: Dolichos bean is one of the important vegetable legume crops. During storage, protection of seed from bruchid attack is a major problem worldwide. Once the bruchid attacks, the extent of damage could be up to 100%, leading to both quantitative and qualitative loss by making it unfit for consumption. Existing traditional methods are less effective or impractical and the use of chemical methods can be harmful to the farmers and consumers. So, there is urgent need of hermetic storage method for seed quality maintenance. Keeping in view, the present study was carried out to investigate on hermetic storage practices for seed quality maintenance. 
 
Methods: Triple-layer PICS technology, a chemical-free hermetic storage was evaluated for storage of dolichos bean to moisture content, germination and quality. Four different types of storage bags viz., jute bags, polythene bags, triple layer PICS bags and jute bags treated with chlorpyrifos were used for evaluating their efficacy in managing dolichos bean seed attributes. The data on various parameters pertaining to seed characteristics and changes in biochemical composition of dolichos bean seeds stored in different bags was recorded at every two month intervals for 3 times (2,4, and 6 months) by using standard protocols. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967) was used for the data analysis. The data was subjected to statistical analysis as per the methods suggested by Panse and Sukhatme (1985).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Results on moisture content showed that, in case of storage in PICS bags, there was no decrease in seed moisture content at 2, 4 and 6 months respectively and germination percent in triple-layer PICS bag at 2, 4 and 6 months storage was highest among all bag types. Test weight (g), protein content (%) and&nbsp; carbohydrate content (%) at 2, 4 and 6 months storage respectively were higher in triple layer PICS bag. The mean fat content recorded was highest in jute bag (1.25%) and lowest in triple layer PICS bag (0.63%). Our study concludes that the triple layer PICS bags hermetic technology is efficient in managing maintaining same level of moisture content percent, germination percent and test weight compared to other bags over 3 different periods of storage. The triple layer PICS bags are also highly useful for retaining carbohydrate percent and protein percent at almost the same levels compared to initial values.&nbsp;</div>

​​Effect of Hermetic Storage on Seed Quality Maintenance of Dolichos Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) var Typicus Prain]

<div>The field experiment was conducted at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, during 2016-17 and 2017-18 to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen (0 and 25 kg/ha), phosphorus (0, 50 and 75 kg/ha) and potassium (0, 25 and 50 kg/ha) on growth, flowering, yield and economics of dolichos bean. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design comprising of eighteen treatments replicated thrice. Among indivisual NPK levels, the higher level of nitrogen (25 kg N/ha), phosphorus (75 kg P2O5/ha) and potassium (50 kg K2O/ha) recorded significantly maximum growth (plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, leaf area and dry matter content per plant at harvest), early flowering (except N2 level) and pod yield (162.32, 184.14 and 164.75 q/ha) as compared to lower levels in 2016-17 and 2017-18 growing seasons and pooled data. Similarly, amongst all NPK interaction levels, higher fertilizer dose of 25-75-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha recorded significantly maximum growth parameters however, it was at par with 25-75-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha except dry matter content per plant during both the experimental years. Pooled data followed similar trend. On pooled basis, recommended fertilizer dose (25-50-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha) showed early days to 50 percent flowering whereas pod yield (198.44 q/ha) was recorded maximum at higher fertilizer dose (25-75-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha). Similarly, in case of economics, higher fertilizer dose of 25-75-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha recorded highest benefit: cost ratio (5.27) during both the experimental years as well as in pooled data but it was at par with 25-75-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha. Hence, for profitable cultivation of vegetable type dolichos bean in northern transition zone of Karnataka, NPK fertilizer must be applied at the rate of 25-75-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Effect of Nutrient Levels on Growth, Yield and Economics of Dolichos Bean (Dolichos lablab L.) in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India</div>

Phenotypic Evaluation of Traits and Barcode Identification using Plastid-specific Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase (Rbcl) Analysis on Lablab Beans [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]

Effect of integrated nutrient management practices on growth, yield attributes and yield of hyacinth bean in baby corn (Zea mays. L) – hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus var typicus) cropping system

Simple Sequence Repeats Marker based Detection of Genetic Diversity of Indian Bean Dolichos lablab (L.) of Family Fabaceae

Variability and Correlation Studies in Dolichos bean (Dolichos lablab L.)

Construction of Selection Indices by using Different Economic Coefficients in Indian Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Traits Correlation Analysis in Lablab Bean Genotypes from Assam, North-Eastern India

Morphological and Biochemical Basis of Resistance in Indian Bean, Lablab purpureus var. typicus (L.) Sweet Varieties against Pod Borers

Studies on genetic variability and character association in Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]

Effect of Hermetic Storage on Seed Quality Maintenance of Dolichos Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) var Typicus Prain]

Effect of Nutrient Levels on Growth, Yield and Economics of Dolichos Bean (Dolichos lablab L.) in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India