This experiment was carried out to study the effect of various treatments on seed germination in ber. The treatments consisted of T1 (control seed sown fresh, T2 (H2SO4 for 8 minutes),), T3 (Seed kernel sown), T4 (18% salt solution dip for 24 hrs), T5 (18% salt solution dip treatment for 48 hours), T6 (cracking of seed coat with hammer), T7 (18% salt solution dip treatment+36hrs water dip treatment), T8 (One year old seed sown). The results of this experiment show that among various treatments days taken for seeds germination ranged from 9.60-18.40 and 9.2-19.6 days during 2005 and 2006 respectively. There was early seed germination in T3 treatment followed by the T8. In T3 treatment germination were started 9.6 and 9.2 days after sowing seeds during 2005 and 2006 respectively. The duration of seed germination among various treatments ranged between 10 to 32.3 days. Minimum numbers of the days taken for completion of germination of seeds were recorded in T3 treatment followed by T8. In this treatment seed germination was completed with in 10 days after seed germination was started. The &nbsp; seed germination ranged between 18.6-68.6 and 17.0 -71.6 percent during 2005 and 2006 among various treatments respectively and maximum percent seed germination was recorded in T8, &nbsp;in which germination was 68.6 and 71.6 per cent during 2005 -06 respectively. The mean maximum seedling height was recorded in T8 treatment and this was followed by the T3 treatment. The results are very encouraging that within same season there was 70.52 per cent seedling become bud able in T8 treatment. Maximum height of budded plant was recorded in T8 when seeds were sown after one-year storage this was followed by T4 and minimum (61.30cm) was recorded in T2. 
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Effect of various treatments on seeds germination in&nbsp;Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Lipid is considered as one of the essential nutrients for both humans and animals. Lipid accumulation within the body may induce several health disorders. Disease is are caused easily in aged laying hens. It is necessary to improve lipid metabolism and enhance immunity in laying hens. Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) with no toxicity and low drug residues is becoming more and more popular. The current study aimed to study the effect of Chinese herbal medicines on lipid metabolism and immunity function in chicken to provide basis for clinical reference.&nbsp; Methods: In this laboratory investigation during 2018-2019, a total of 400 60-week-old hens were randomized into 10 groups to measure lipid metabolism by colorimetry and immunoglobulin by double antibody sandwich ELISA method. A total of 500 28-day-age chickens were randomized into 10 groups to measure immune organ index. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Result: Our investigations have showed that Jujube (ZJM) has significant effects on the count of Serum total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein-c (LDL-C) and High-density lipoprotein-c (HDL-C) (p&lt;0.01, p&lt;0.05),the count of Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) (p&lt;0.05) and the immune organ indexes (p&lt;0.05) in 30 mg/kg group than control group10.The present work will be a complementary contribution to the ability of ZJM on improving lipid metabolism and immunity function in chickens.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Lipid Metabolism and Immunity Function in Laying Hens</div>

<div>The hot arid regions in India is spread in an area of 31.7 m ha, majority area being in Rajasthan (61%). The great Indian Thar desert is also located in this region. This region receives vary low rain fall with erratic distribution. Presence of harsh climatic condition such as high evapotranspiration, low relative humidity, with high aridity index and high wind velocity are other disadvantages. The soils are also light textured, less fertile, and prone to wind erosion. About 90 per cent of the area is dependent on monsoon rain for growing of annual crops which often fails due to insufficient rain or improper distribution. Despite these limitations, the region has good floral and faunal diversity that supports high human and livestock population. Many drought hardy perennial fruits and vegetables are grown with annual crops to complement farm income. Certain fruit crops like pomegranate (Punica granatum), Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.), aonla (Emblica officinalis), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and Citrus species are grown commercially in irrigated areas. Many underutilized fruit crops also grow naturally or are cultivated. These include kair (Capparis decidua), lasora (Cordia myxa) jhar ber (Ziziphus nummularia), bordi (Ziziphus rotundifolia) pilu (Salvadora oleoides), khejri (Prosopis cineraria), phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis), Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos), karonda (Carissa carandas), prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica), kachri (Cucumis melo var. callosus) and snap melon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) etc. Most of these species are drought hardy with less incidence of pests and diseases yet give good yield despite environmental constraints. They serve as a source of nutrition for rural people being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres and other bioactive compounds. Germplasm collection, evaluation, conservation, ethnomedicinal values, improvement, propagation, agrotechniques, post-harvest management, value addition and future prospects of some of these crops are discussed in the paper.</div>

Effect of various treatments on seeds germination in Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Lipid Metabolism and Immunity Function in Laying Hens

Underutilized Fruits and Vegetables in Hot Arid Regions of India: Status and Prospects: A Review