<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> India has become self-sufficient for cereal production but is still dependent upon pulse imports for fulfilling its domestic demands. These imports are very much capable of influencing the domestic prices, so the present study was undertaken to study the integration and price transmission amongst the major lentil producing states of India i.e. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Rajasthan and Assam.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Out of these six states, altogether ten markets and all India average values were undertaken for the present study based on the quantum of lentil marketed and availability of data. The secondary data was collected from the Agmarknet portal for the lentil crop while Minitab and R software were used for the analysis of the retrieved data. Various techniques like Seasonal Indices (SI), unit-root test, Johansen&#39;s cointegration test and Granger causality test were applied to find the results and conclusions of this study.<br /><strong>Result: </strong>The results have stated that the prices of these ten wholesale and retail markets are highly integrated and most of the markets have a uni-directional relationship with each other. The wholesale and retail markets of Jaipur and Lucknow have little/no relationship with the other markets while they have a bidirectional relationship between their own wholesale and retail market prices indicating that they might be the markets where prices are discovered, as they are not found to be influenced by the other spatially separated markets.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Market Integration and Price Transmission amongst the Major Wholesale and Retail Markets of Lentil (<em>Lens culinaris / Lens esculenta</em>) in India</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study aimed to paper the co-integration among the selected cotton markets in Haryana. The monthly data on prices of cotton were collected for the period from 2005-06 to 2016-17. The advanced econometric tools like ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and Granger Causality test were used to study market integration. The price series of commodity namely cotton in selected markets showed the consequences of unit root and were stationary at first difference. The long run equilibrium relationship among the selected markets indicated that these were integrated with each other. This implies that prices in domestic markets of Haryana move together in response to changes in the demand and supply and cost of a product. Granger Causality test resulted Dabwali market as lead cotton market because it influenced the prices of most of selected cotton markets.</div>

Market integration of selected cotton markets in Haryana

<p style="text-align: justify;">Rice is one of the most dominant crop in Assam occupying about 70 per cent of the net cultivated area. It &nbsp;accounts for about 6 per cent of the national rice area and 4 per cent of production of India. This paper makes &nbsp;an attempt to examine the growth trend, instability and factors influencing rice production in Assam over the period 1972-73 to 2014-15. Annual Compound Growth Rates of area, production and yield is calculated using log-linear function. Coefficient of Variation is employed to assess the instability of rice production in Assam. To estimate the impact of various factors on rice production in Assam, three types of models are used namely linear model, log-linear model and a log-linear model with autocorrelation corrections. In all the models, the dependent variable is rice yield and the independent variables are yearly average rainfall, yearly average temperature of the state; area of rice cultivation in hectare; area covered by HYV seeds in hectare; area covered by irrigation in hectare; fertilizer used in kg per hectare. The estimated result of log-linear model with autocorrelation corrections shows that among the various determinants influencing rice production during the period 1972 to 2014, area under rice cultivation in hectares; area covered by HYV seeds in hectare; fertilizer used in kg per hectare were found to have a positive significant impact on rice production in Assam. Temperature is found to have a negative impact on rice production.</p>


Market Integration and Price Transmission amongst the Major Wholesale and Retail Markets of Lentil (Lens culinaris / Lens esculenta) in India

Market integration of selected cotton markets in Haryana

An analysis of growth trend, instability and determinants of rice production in Assam