<div>Background: The Dolang sheep is a well-known indigenous breed from Xinjiang, China. Two of its main advantages are year-round estrus and high prolificacy. Although the molecular regulatory mechanisms of reproductive processes have been studied in other animals and humans, relevant information on its year-round estrus and high prolificacy remains limited, particularly for Dolang sheep breeds from Xinjiang.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: To obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins that might be responsible for the year-round estrus and high fecundity, ovaries from Dolang sheep were studied at different periods using an integrative strategy of transcriptomics and proteomics via high-throughput sequencing and iTRAQ technologies. 
 
Result: RNA-seq yielded 28,717 unigenes, 987 candidate genes and 308 DEGs in the ovaries (at estrus) of Dolang sheep compared with the dioestrus and gestation period (about 45 days of pregnancy). GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the gene products were mainly involved in metabolism, hormone secretion and regulation, ovulation, estrus and regulation of reproduction. At the protein level, a total of 4847 proteins and 470 differentially expressed proteins were identified. The latter were potentially associated with metabolism, endocytosis, the glycolytic pathway and skeletal muscle growth. In conclusion, the current study provides a basis and prospective understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the high prolificacy and year-round estrus of Dolang sheep.</div>

Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Ovaries at Different Physiological Periods in Dolang Sheep