<div>Glanders is a fatal infectious and notifiable zoonotic disease of equines caused by the Gram-negative non-motile bacterium Burkholderia (B.) mallei, which is responsible for chronic suppurative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, pneumonia and septicemia in equines. Glanders in horses is worldwide distributed and reported from many countries. But no prevalence study was done in Bangladesh so far. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of glanders in horses using CFT and immunoblot assay. A total of 301 serum samples from horses were collected foe the detection of glanders antibodies from Mymensingh, Tangail and Jamalpur districts in Bangladesh. By CFT 105 samples were found positive and 23 samples were suspicious. The immunoblot confirmed 26 of these samples but 3 remained suspicious. The overall seroprevalence of glanders was 34.9% based on CFT and 24.8% based on immunoblot. Higher prevalence was found in Jamalpur (11.81%). CFT is considered to be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of glanders in field conditions in Bangladesh.&nbsp;</div>


<div>Glanders in horses in some selected areas of Bangladesh and comparison between CFT and Immunoblot used for the screening of glanders</div>


<div style="text-align: justify;">Interferon stimulated protein 15 is a well-known ubiquitin cross-reactive protein which is released from the ruminant uterus in response to interferon-tau (IFN-t) during conceptus implantation. This protein increases significantly during the early stages of pregnancy. Therefore, in the present study, Interferon stimulated gene (ISG15) coding region was isolated from buffalo blood at day 18 of pregnancy after artificial insemination. ISG15 was cloned in pET100 vector, overexpressed in E.coli and purified to investigate its properties. The protein was immunoblotted with mouse anti-His antibody to evaluate its characteristics after purification. To conclude, elucidation of protein properties in the prokaryotic system will provide an opportunity for understanding the basic biology of pre and post-implantation and development of a tool for early pregnancy diagnosis.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Molecular cloning and expression kinetics of serum interferon stimulated gene for early pregnancy detection</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The aim of the study was to identify urinary biomarker for early detection of renal dysfunction in dogs. Paired blood and urine samples were analysed from dogs classified on the basis of International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system. Serum biochemistry revealed a highly significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in dogs with kidney disease. Urinalysis also revealed a highly significant increase in the level of urinary protein and urinary protein creatinine (UPC) ratio in dogs with kidney disease. A highly significant decrease in urinary creatinine and specific gravity level was also present in all groups of dogs with kidney disease. The SDS-PAGE of urinary proteins obtained from dogs with renal failure revealed the presence of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins of 14.7 KDa. This protein was identified as cystatin C protein by Immunoblotting using anti-cystatin C antibody and it has been suggested as biomarker for the diagnosis of renal disease.&nbsp;</div>

Glanders in horses in some selected areas of Bangladesh and comparison between CFT and Immunoblot used for the screening of glanders

Molecular cloning and expression kinetics of serum interferon stimulated gene for early pregnancy detection

Urinary cystatin C as biomarker for identification of kidney disease in dogs