Background: Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging and fatal disease of wild and domestic cats in India. Till date no chemotherapy has proved successful in achieving hundred percent survival. In this study we aimed to evaluate various therapeutic strategies to suggest an effective and safe drug combination for clinical management of domestic cats naturally affected cytauxzoonosis. 
 
Methods: The domestic cats presented at VCC, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, Bihar were screened on the basis of clinical symptoms of cytauxzoonosis irrespective of their age, sex or breed. The disease was confirmed by peripheral blood smear and Polymerase Chain Reaction test. Informed consent was taken from the cat owners before inclusion in this study. The confirmed cases were randomly divided into two treatment protocols, imidocarb dipropinate group (T-1) and doxycycline, clindamycin and metronidazole group (T-2). In group T1 imidocarb was given @ 3.5 mg/kg deep intramuscular which was repeated after 14 days. While cats in group T2 received doxycycline @10 mg/kg PO sid for 14 days, clindamycin @ 12.5mg/kg PO sid for 14 days and metronidazole benzoate@ 25 mg/kg PO sid for 7 days. A separate group of six healthy cats, negative for microscopic and molecular tests was taken as a control (T-3). 
 
Result: It was found that both treatment protocols cleared erythro-parasitemia and brought clinical remission within 14 and 21 days of treatment in cats of group T1 and T2 respectively. However, improvement in morbidity and hemato-biochemical parameters were more rapid in imidocarb treated cats. No serious side effects or mortality could be recorded in cats that received the treatment protocols used in this study.&nbsp; But none of these treatment protocols could sterilize the infection and rendered the cats as carrier for life.

Comparative Efficacy of Imidocarb Dipropionate and Doxycycline, Clindamycin, Metronidazole Combination for the Treatment of Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats

<div>Background: The clinical study was designed to evaluate the haemato-biochemical changes in sheep affected with babesiosis and therapeutic regimes of various drugs used against babesiosis. 
 
Methods: A total of 24 clinically affected sheep with 6 animals in each group were selected for the haemato-biochemical and therapeutic study. The diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, microscopic examination of blood smears and molecular confirmation of Babesia by PCR technique. For therapeutic study Group I, II, III and IV were treated with imidocarb dipropionate, imidocarb dipropionate+oxytetracycline, diminazene aceturate and diminazene aceturate+oxytetracycline, respectively. 
 
Result: The clinical signs recorded were high fever, pale mucous membranes, presence of ticks, inappetence, coffee-coloured urine and diarrhoea. The vectors identified were Haemaphysalis ticks. Hb, PCV, TEC, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and blood glucose were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower in the diseased group as compared to healthy animals while TLC, globulin and iron levels were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher compared to the healthy control group. The study revealed that the combination of imidocarb dipropionate and oxytetracycline was highly effective for ovine babesiosis.</div>

​Haemato-biochemical and Therapeutic Studies on Ovine Babesiosis in Kashmir

Background: The research work was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of various diagnostic tests by using conventional microscopic examination, rapid Ab detection test and molecular technique, haemato-biochemical changes, Abdominal organs changes using ultrasonography, and therapeutic efficacy of different treatment protocols on Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) infected dogs from in and around Navsari, Gujarat, India.

Methods: 69 dogs suspected of ehrlichiosis based on clinical signs and hematological values and then subjected to blood and buffy coat smear examination, rapid Ab detection test&nbsp;and PCR based assay targeting 16S rRNA gene. The pre and post-treatment haematology and biochemical analysis of treatment groups along with all the positive dogs were performed. Further, all the treatment group dogs were subjected to ultrasound for evaluating organ abnormalities. Modified Clinical Sign Grading (MCSG) score for CME-infected dogs was carried out to evaluate therapeutic responses based on minimizing the clinical score. Descriptive statistics along with Student t-test and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by DMRT was performed to compare differences between means wherever applicable.

Result: CME incidence among the 69 suspected cases was 49.28%. Out of 69 suspected dogs, Ehrlichial inclusions or morulae in the monocytes could be identified in only 4.35% of blood smears and 10.14% of buffy coat smears examined by Giemsa and or Field-stained and 15.94% of dogs were found positive for Ehrlichia genus by PCR. 72.5 per cent of dogs were found positive for antibodies to E. canis, out of 40 dogs. The sensitivity of blood smear examination, buffy coat smear examination, and thrombocytopenia was 10.34%, 24.14%&nbsp;and 89.66%, respectively. The specificity of all the diagnostic tests was 100%. The anemia along with leucopenia, were the most significant hematological alteration recorded while ALP, creatinine, and BUN were elevated and albumin was significantly decreased in CME-infected dogs. Significant improvement of haemato-biochemical parameters towards normalcy in both treatment groups. However, a higher percentage of reduction was observed in the clinical score of imidocarb treated CME affected dogs than in the oxy-doxycycline therapy after 14 days.

Comparative Efficacy of Imidocarb Dipropionate and Doxycycline, Clindamycin, Metronidazole Combination for the Treatment of Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats

​Haemato-biochemical and Therapeutic Studies on Ovine Babesiosis in Kashmir

Clinico-diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Ehrlichiosis in Dog

Haemato-biochemical and Therapeutic Studies on Ovine Babesiosis in Kashmir