<div style="text-align: justify;">Babesia gibsoni is the common cause of canine babesiosis in India. Its diagnosis by conventional diagnostic methods result in false negative condition, particularly in those cases in which parasitemia is low. Therefore the present study employed IFAT and PCR along with microscopic examination to overcome this situation. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears revealed presence of small pear-shaped, oval or signet ring shaped B. gibsoni within the erythrocytes of 1.34 % dogs. IFAT and PCR detected a total of 1.80 % and 1.82 % dogs positive for B. gibsoni, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of IFAT was 93.10% and 88.89%, respectively whereas, sensitivity and specificity of microscopic examination was 71.26% and 95.56%, respectively. The agreement of IFAT and microscopic examination with PCR was 82.30% and 60.73%, respectively. The agreement between IFAT and microscopy was 60.99%. Therefore, IFAT is considered to be highly sensitive test for diagnosing B. gibsoni in subclinically or chronically infected dogs with significantly low level of parasitemia.&nbsp;</div>

Comparative evaluation of different diagnostic tests for <em>B. gibsoni</em> in dogs

<div>Sarcocystis is one of the most prevalent parasites of the livestock and the infections in the intermediate hosts are mainly asymptomatic. The main aim of this study was to develop a sensitive antemortem serodiagnostic test Dot-ELISA for bovine sarcocystosis. The Dot-ELISA was optimized by using 1ng of particulate bradyzoite antigen (1.5% formalin fixed) per dot,1:32 dilution of serum and 1:100 dilution of Rabbit anti bovine IgG HRPO conjugate. The efficacy of this test was compared with Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IFAT) by using 45 known positive and 42 known negative sera. The sensitivity and specificity of Dot-ELISA was found to be 86.66% and 88.88% respectively and for IFAT the sensitivity was 83.33% and specificity was 100%. The standardized Dot-ELISA was used to screen 232 bovine sera (151 cattle, 81 buffaloes) collected from areas in and around Hyderabad, India which showed an overall prevalence of 82.75%. &nbsp;Around 143 out of 151 cattle and 49 out of 81 buffaloes were found positive indicating 94.7% and 60.49% of prevalence respectively. Dot-ELISA was found to be quite sensitive and inexpensive test to screen the animals at slaughter house or herd level.</div>


<div>Serodiagnosis of Bovine Sarcocystosis by Dot-ELISA<br />
&nbsp;</div>


<div style="text-align: justify;">The objective of the present study was to determine the bacterial and fungal agents accompanying with cutaneous lesions of dogs suffering from Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Sterile swap samples were taken from cutaneous lesions inspected of ears, dorsal, collar, pectoral, inguinal and interdigital spaces of 20 dogs, &nbsp;in which diagnosis were based on a combination of clinical symptoms, anti-leishmania antibody titers by use of Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and dogs were further classified according to the Leishvet Guidelines involving serological, hematological, serum biochemical, and urinalysis. Swap samples were inoculated to culture media for isolation and identification of bacterial and mycotic agents. 48 Staphylococcus aureus, 4 Bacillus cereus, 8 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 24 Candida albicans, 24 Microsporium canis and 4 Aspergillus niger were isolated and identified in both group of dogs. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolates were found 100% susceptible to cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 53% &nbsp;to danofloxacin, 46% of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, and all of the isolates were &nbsp;resistant (100%) to penicillin G and gentamicin. In conclusion, the antibacterial and antifungal therapy should be provided in accordance with antibiotic susceptibility tests in skin lesions of dogs suffering with CVL.</div>

Comparative evaluation of different diagnostic tests for B. gibsoni in dogs

Serodiagnosis of Bovine Sarcocystosis by Dot-ELISA

Investigation of bacterial and fungal agents from cutaneous lesions in canine Leishmaniasis