<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study aimed to paper the co-integration among the selected cotton markets in Haryana. The monthly data on prices of cotton were collected for the period from 2005-06 to 2016-17. The advanced econometric tools like ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and Granger Causality test were used to study market integration. The price series of commodity namely cotton in selected markets showed the consequences of unit root and were stationary at first difference. The long run equilibrium relationship among the selected markets indicated that these were integrated with each other. This implies that prices in domestic markets of Haryana move together in response to changes in the demand and supply and cost of a product. Granger Causality test resulted Dabwali market as lead cotton market because it influenced the prices of most of selected cotton markets.</div>

Market integration of selected cotton markets in Haryana

<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> India has become self-sufficient for cereal production but is still dependent upon pulse imports for fulfilling its domestic demands. These imports are very much capable of influencing the domestic prices, so the present study was undertaken to study the integration and price transmission amongst the major lentil producing states of India i.e. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Rajasthan and Assam.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Out of these six states, altogether ten markets and all India average values were undertaken for the present study based on the quantum of lentil marketed and availability of data. The secondary data was collected from the Agmarknet portal for the lentil crop while Minitab and R software were used for the analysis of the retrieved data. Various techniques like Seasonal Indices (SI), unit-root test, Johansen&#39;s cointegration test and Granger causality test were applied to find the results and conclusions of this study.<br /><strong>Result: </strong>The results have stated that the prices of these ten wholesale and retail markets are highly integrated and most of the markets have a uni-directional relationship with each other. The wholesale and retail markets of Jaipur and Lucknow have little/no relationship with the other markets while they have a bidirectional relationship between their own wholesale and retail market prices indicating that they might be the markets where prices are discovered, as they are not found to be influenced by the other spatially separated markets.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Market Integration and Price Transmission amongst the Major Wholesale and Retail Markets of Lentil (<em>Lens culinaris / Lens esculenta</em>) in India</div>

<div><strong>Background:</strong> Worldwide environmental pollution has called for overwhelming concern of researchers and stakeholders in the last twenty years because of the menace it unlashes on man&rsquo;s life. The aim of this research work is to ascertain the causation among economic advancement, Carbon emission, energy consumption and taxation. The study focused on the Nigerian economic and the period under review is thirty-three (33) years.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Test was performed to explain the accurate transmission among the dependent and the independent variables. This study employed Granger estimation to ascertain the direction of the connection amongst the variables.&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> Results revealed that tax has unidirectional connection with economic advancement. The result also showed that Carbon emission has unidirectional relationship with economic growth. The result further revealed that energy consumption has a unidirectional association with taxation. This study suggests that economic growth does not affect energy consumption, taxation and carbon emission. This study recommended that for future study, intending researchers should use fuel consumption to proxy energy consumption. The study also recommended that the Nigerian government should increase tax paid by oil companies in order to curtail their excesses and generate more revenue.</div>


Market integration of selected cotton markets in Haryana

Market Integration and Price Transmission amongst the Major Wholesale and Retail Markets of Lentil (Lens culinaris / Lens esculenta) in India

Dynamic Relationship between Environment, Taxation and Economic Growth in the Saharan Africa: Case Study of Nigeria