<div>Background: Infectious coryza is a bacterial disease caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum which causes acute respiratory disease in chickens but it is also reported in Indian peafowls. Although this is a treatable condition in peafowls but need to diagnose and treat as earliest possible to save peafowls. The aim is to present reported cases of infectious coryza in peafowls.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: From 2017 to 2020 total seven cases of peafowls showing symptoms of swollen eyes, sticky discharge from eyes and nostrils, closed eye lids due to swelling, purulent discharge from eyes and caseous masses were also observed while pressing of swelling over eyes were reported from different part of Solapur district. Gasping was common symptom observed in all the peafowls. All the cases were confirmed as infectious coryza on the basis of symptoms, though the ocular and nasal swabs were submitted for bacterial isolation to the laboratory. All peafowls were treated by using parenteral antibiotic injection Gentamicin @ 4.4 mg/kg of body weight and non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID) injection Meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg of body weight and cleaning of eyes with distilled water and instillation of gentamicin and diclofenac eye drops, oral administration of multivitamins and energy drinks. 
 
Result: Out of seven cases, 6 were female and 1 was male peafowl. Recovery rate was 85.71% and all recovered peafowl were released back in the nature. Recovery was depending on severity of symptoms and all six birds recovered within one to three weeks&rsquo; time.</div>

Reports of Infectious Coryza in Peafowls (Pavo cristatus) at Solapur District of Maharashtra, India

Background: Tilapia is one of the most widely consumed farmed fish due to high protein content and rapid growth. It is the second-most important group of farmed fish globally. Although tilapia is generally resistant to many diseases, Tilapia Lake virus (TiLV) has emerged as a devastating viral pathogen, affecting both wild and farmed tilapia early detection and surveillance of TiLV are crucial for effective disease management and prevention of mass mortalities. Despite its importance to assess the prevalence of disease in Tamil Nadu, a surveillance program was undertaken, focusing on tilapia grow-out farms and feral (&ldquo;wild&rdquo;) populations across multiple districts. 
 
Methods: Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) samples (102 Nos.) were collected from 34 sites across 11 districts in Tamil Nadu, India between February 2020 to May 2022. These sites include disease outbreak farms and feral area. Semi-nested reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), targeting segment 3, was used to screen and confirm TiLV infection. Positive samples were further sequenced using commercial sequencing services and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum-Likelihood method. 
 
Result: 13 sites experienced higher than usual mortalities, of which 10 were tested positive for TiLV. Asymptomatic samples were collected from 21 sites, with 13 tested positive. Infected fish exhibited clinical signs and symptoms typical of TiLV, including open wounds, ulcers, lethargy, gasping at the water surface, discoloration, exophthalmia and mortalities ranging from 40% to 90%. Tissue samples confirmed for TiLV by semi-nested RT-PCR and displayed syncytial cells in liver, a characteristic of TiLV infection as seen in the histopathological sections. The overall prevalence of TiLV recorded in the samples was 67.64% (69/102). Phylogenetic analysis of TiLV segment 3 revealed that Tamil Nadu sequences were closely related to each other along with Israel, indicating a possible transmission link. These findings underscore the importance of understanding phylogenetic relationships in developing effective control measures to prevent further spread of TiLV.

Reports of Infectious Coryza in Peafowls (Pavo cristatus) at Solapur District of Maharashtra, India

Massive Surveillance of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in Tilapia Farms and Feral from Various Districts of Tamil Nadu, India