Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) bond with the extracellular domain of the FSH receptor (FSHR) stimulates a cascade of the intracellular process that leads to folliculogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of FSHR polymorphism of its structure and function on Bos taurus through computational technology. The FSHR sequences were retrieved from Genebank. The polymorphism was identified using alignment analysis and the 3D structure of the FSHR was done by Swiss models. Results showed that FSHR of Bos taurus has three polymorphisms that located at amino acid residues 18th to 259th. The polymorphisms may alter its ability to bind with FSH. Molecular docking analysis indicated that all variant of FSHR potentially changes the pattern and affinity binding into FSH that may have an impact on reproduction status of Bos taurus. The study is a warrant for further investigation to explore biomarker of cattle reproduction status based on FSHR gene.

Polymorphism of follicle stimulating hormone receptor influences the 3D structure and its binding pattern to FSH in Bos taurus

<div>Background:&nbsp;Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis), is the first class protected animal in China. In order to analyze the adaptive evolution of fecundity traits in YFP, the rapidly evolving gene families of YFP were obtained. At the same time, the major genes controlling ovulation, GDF9, BMP15, FSH&beta; and FSHR were also analyzed. 
 
Methods: Orthofinder software was employed to search homologous genes based on protein sequence. CAF&Eacute; software was used to obtain the expansion and contraction gene families of YFP. Then, GO terms and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using TBtools software and Swissprot database. PAML package was used to calculate Ka/Ks (i.e., &omega;). Evolution rate changes in the positive selected genes were examined using the GU99 process in Diverge (v3.0) program. 
 
Result: In YFP, 501 rapid expansion gene families GO enrichment results showed that the reproductive activities related pathways were mainly three significant enrichment process, participation of germline stem cells maintain androgen receptors signaling pathways regulating and male reproductive tract stem cell population to maintain. The most significant GO terms of 220 rapidly contraction gene families associated with reproductive activities mainly consisted of biological processes which were involved in positive regulation of estrogen secretion, mating and estrogen metabolic process. GDF9 and BMP15 genes exhibited purifying selection. However, significant signs of positive selection were detected in FSHR and FSH&beta; genes, but only FSH&beta; showed specific changes in the YFP lineage.</div>

​The Analysis of Reproduction-related Genes Provides Insights into the Adaptive Evolution of Fecundity Traits in Yangtze Finless Porpoise

<div>Background: Selection process for milk performance traits has left remarkable selection signatures in the genome and their identification can guide to utilize under genomic breeding programs for improving productivity in dairy cattle. 
 
Methods: This study utilizes genotype data of Sahiwal (19), Tharparkar (17) and Gir (16) to identify selection signatures in the genomes of Sahiwal-Gir (SW-GR), Sahiwal-Tharparkar (SW-TP) and Tharparkar-Gir (TP-GR) breed pairs by using FST approaches. The highest FST peaks (FST &gt;0.25) were considered as selection signature region. The functional genes underlying signature regions controlling milk performance traits were also annotated. 
 
Result: We identified 41, 29 and 60 selection signatures exhibiting footprints of positive selection among SW-GR, SW-TP and TP-GR breed pairs, respectively. The selection signals controlling milk performance traits were detected as ACADL, SLC26A2, PLCB1, SYT9 genes mapped on chromosome 2, 7, 13 and 15, respectively for SW-GR breed pair. Selection signature regions in the genome of SW-TP breed revealed genes ATPAF1, LEF1, PPARGC1B, EIF6 and ACSS3 for milk production. Furthermore, PLA2R1, SCP2, ATPAF1, CACNA2D1, LEF1 and SUMF1 genes were identified in TP-GR breed pair controlling metabolism and morphogenesis of mammary gland. Moreover, HSPB6, LTBP1, SLIT3, FSHR and ASIP genes were also found in association with thermo-tolerance, disease resistance, immunity, reproduction and coat colour in our indigenous dairy cattle breeds.</div>

Polymorphism of follicle stimulating hormone receptor influences the 3D structure and its binding pattern to FSH in Bos taurus

​The Analysis of Reproduction-related Genes Provides Insights into the Adaptive Evolution of Fecundity Traits in Yangtze Finless Porpoise

Identification of Selection Signatures for Milk Performance Traits among Indigenous Dairy Cattle Breeds using High Density Genomic Information

The Analysis of Reproduction-related Genes Provides Insights into the Adaptive Evolution of Fecundity Traits in Yangtze Finless Porpoise