<div style="text-align: justify;">Improved and efficient irrigation water management through precise estimation of crop water requirement has a vital role to play in ensuring food security. However, the crop water requirement data of field crops are not locally available. In view of this, present investigation was aimed at quantifying the crop water requirement of rabi and kharif season crops grown under paired row planting in different agro climatic conditions of Madhya Pradesh. The crop water requirement was calculated based on the already developed crop coefficient and reference evapotranspiration. Daily weather data of 35 years (1979 to 2013) for twenty districts of Madhya Pradesh was collected to determine the reference evapotranspiration using Aquacrop model. The study revealed that the daily ETo increased continuously from 1st SMW to its maximum values during 21st-22nd SMW, thereafter decreased sharply and remains low from 30th to 34th SMW in all selected districts. The highest value of ETo (11.0 mm day-1) was found in Datia at 21st SMW and lowest in Betul i.e. 2.2 mm day-1 at 32nd SMW. The daily water requirement estimates showed that the water requirement of chickpea, wheat and lentil i.e. 1.73 lpd, 0.70 lpd and 0.49 lpd respectively is highest in Jabalpur. Sugarcane has the highest water requirement 13.56 lpd in Narsinghpur during mid season. &nbsp;In all kharif crops cotton has highest water requirement 6.53 lpd in Harda followed by sesame and groundnut i.e. 2.75 lpd and 2.46 lpd respectively in Datia. These results can be used in efficient management of irrigation water under drip irrigation system in selected district of Madhya Pradesh. &nbsp;</div>

Study on crop water requirement of field crops under different climatic conditions of Madhya Pradesh

<div style="text-align: justify;">Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration is necessary step for better management and allocation of water resources. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) adopted the Penman Moneith method as a global standard to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). The study aimed to estimate FAO P-M reference evapotranspiration for different district of five agro climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh state by using Aquacrop model. Daily weather data including maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation were collected for the period of 1979 to 2013 which were used as input data in Aquacrop. Several statistical parameters were used for characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of ETo. The average monthly ETo was found maximum in month of May (10.67 mm day-1) in all district of different agro climatic zones for the average period considered for the study and also for each years, whereas average minimum ETo was estimated in month of December (3.23 mm day-1) in Kymore Plateau and August (2.44 mm day-1) in Satpura Plateau. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration ranges from 4 mm day-1 to 10 mm day-1 for all districts. From the statistical analysis it was found that spatial variability of ETo lower than the temporal variability. It means the bigger differentiation of ETo in the years than in the space.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Estimation of reference evapotranspiration using Aquacrop model for agro-climatic conditions of Madhya Pradesh</div>

<div><strong>Background: </strong>Group B streptococcus (GBS) or <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> is an important pathogen associated with bovine mastitis. The organism is also of public health consequences and may cause variety of infections ranging from neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis to localized infections and urinary tract infection or arthritisin adult humans. Widespread use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has led to development of resistance among the pathogens. So there is need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to ensure effective treatment.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>Milk samples collected from mastitis affected animals were processed for isolation of&nbsp;<em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em>. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Molecular characterisation was carried out by PCR to study the occurrence of resistance marker genes and virulence marker genes. RAPD was carried out to study genetic diversity among the isolates.<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>Six isolates of <em>S. agalactiae</em> were obtained from 182 milk samples. Highest resistance was observed against co-trimoxazole and tetracycline followed by ampicillin. <em>tetM</em> gene and t<em>etO</em> genes could be amplified in four and three isolates, respectively. None of the isolates showed amplification for <em>ermA, ermB, mefA</em> and <em>mefE</em> genes. Three isolates were positive for the five virulence genes tested (<em>glnA, cfb, hylB, scaA and cyl</em>). RAPD analysis demonstrated great intraspecific genetic diversity among the streptococcal isolates.</div>


Study on crop water requirement of field crops under different climatic conditions of Madhya Pradesh

Estimation of reference evapotranspiration using Aquacrop model for agro-climatic conditions of Madhya Pradesh

Isolation, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Group B Streptococci Isolates from Bovine Mastitis