A number of 24 Japanese quails were divided into two groups in order to observe changes in vascularization and weight of the testes during the reproductive and quiescent periods. Group1 was exposed to a long photoperiod of (Light, Dark) 20hL:4hD (20 hour Light:4hour &nbsp;Light) at 18-24&deg;C while the Group 2 received a short photoperiod of 7hL:17hD at 8-12&deg;C. The blood vessels were filled with colored latex for examination. The results revealed that each testis was mostly nourished by a single testicular artery which was arising solely from the descending aorta. The simple nature of the vessels in the quiescent period became very complex as the testes enlarged in the reproductive stage. Weights of the testes between the groups indicated the fact that the left testis was significantly larger during the reproductive and quiescent sexual periods. Consequently, our study showed that long photoperiods and temperatures significantly affect the vascular development of the testes as it is in the reproductive development.&nbsp;

The effect of the daylight length on mass and vascularization of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): an experimental study

<div>Background: Brucellosis is one of the important diseases affecting both human as well as livestock. Rapid diagnosis of the pathogen is highly essential for undertaking effective therapeutic measures. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, one of the robust nucleic acid detection platforms, is used especially for rapid disease diagnosis. However, persistent contamination has been the major bottleneck in LAMP which can be eliminated with adoption of appropriate closed-tube formats. 
 
Methods: In the present report, two sets of LAMP primers targeting omp2b gene of Brucella were designed and standardized for detection of all the major Brucella spp.&nbsp; 
 
Result: There was absence of amplification in any of the non-Brucella species in contrast to detection of white precipitation in unaided eye in daylight as well as greenish fluorescence under ultraviolet light in all of the Brucella species. It was found to be more sensitive than conventional PCR as relative sensitivity was found to be 0.34pg for first set of primers and 34fg for second set of primers, as compared to 3.4pg through bcsp31 PCR.&nbsp;</div>

<div>A Novel Close-tube Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Detection of Brucella</div>

Background: Mares are seasonal breeders, active in spring and summer when daylight is longer, ensuring foals are born in spring for ideal conditions. Having more foals in a breeding season is desirable for stud owners to improve their economic returns. 
 
Methods: Hormonal treatments with hCG and GnRH analogs can enhance fertility of mares inducing ovulation in follicles measuring over 35 mm in diameter, helping to synchronize and improve breeding. In the present study 100 indigenous mare breeds were selected from Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Punjab province during February to October 2024-time period. They were divided in to 4 experimental groups based upon the hormone treatment given i.e. GnRH, HCG, GnRH and HCG combination and control groups. 
 
Result: The pregnancy rate owing to treatments used was significantly higher than the control group (p&le;0.05), as determined by Chi-square analysis. The pregnancy rates were 60%, 68%, 72% and 32% for GnRH, HCG, GnRH and HCG and control groups respectively. No significant difference was observed between the first three treatment groups. Uterine edema was analyzed for its influence on pregnancy outcomes. The analysis using Spearman&rsquo;s correlation revealed a correlation coefficient of -0.043 with a p-value of 0.691. This indicates statistically non-significant relationship between the degree of uterine edema and pregnancy outcomes between the treatment groups. These findings suggest that hormonal treatments may offer a promising approach to enhance fertility and conception rates in mares, particularly in indigenous breeds of Pakistan.

The effect of the daylight length on mass and vascularization of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): an experimental study

A Novel Close-tube Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Detection of Brucella

Impact of Various Exogenous Gonadotropins and Their Combination on the Enhancement of Conception Rate in Equines