<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Azotobacter vinellandii is a soil bacterium which fixes atmospheric nitrogen and provides growth hormones to plant. Locally isolated species can be utilized and efficient bio fertilizers can be prepared. 
 
Methods: A nitrogen fixing bacteria was isolated and it was biochemically identified as Azotobacter vinellandii and named as Azotobacter vinellandii SINAz1. The 16s rRNA was isolated and the sequence was submitted to NCBI data base and got the Accession number as MN135308.1. The presence of nif D, nif K and nif H gene was studied by PCR amplification. The nitrogen fixing efficiency of these bacteria was studied in laboratory by acetylene reduction assay (ARA) and also by pot culture experiments. The plant growth promoting (PGP) activities also studied by isolating and estimating the secretion of hormones like IAA, GA3, ABA and zeatin. These bacteria also provide salinity stress (200 mM NaCl) tolerance to rice plant for 15 days as compared with the control. 
 
Result: The phenotypic growth and yield of rice crop by the application of these bacteria was studied which found to be significantly better than the control. This novel bacterium can be used as a substitute for the chemically synthesized nitrogen fertilizer for better productivity under normal as well as salinity stress condition.</div>

Azotobacter vinellandii SINAz1 Increases Growth and Productivity in Rice under Salinity Stress

<div>In recent researches, legumes have been used to revegetate the mining areas with nitrogen-fixing species. The current study also used legumes to revive the fertility of feldspar mine spoil along with Azotobacter chrococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus mosseae (AMF) in various combinations with organic and inorganic nutrient supplements. All legumes Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Cassia angustifolia have shown significant enhancement in rhizosphere enzyme activities up to 65%, metabolites up to 51% and nutrient uptake up to 52% whereas, physical growth showed the increment in the range of 10&ndash;59% over the uninoculated control. Treatment of Azotobacter+ organic manure+ NPK 50% has been found to enhance maximum growth in most of the parameters significantly, followed by AMF+ organic manure+ NPK50% treatment, while Azospirillum showed its highest impact in enhancing enzyme activities and nitrogen uptake in comparison to Azotobacter and AMF. Legume tree and crop species showed significant response towards the nitrogen fixation thus helped in improving the nutritional value of the mine spoil. Hence, the integrated approach of agro-silviculture practices using legumes and bioinoculants can play a key role in the rehabilitation of feldspar mine spoil.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Feldspar Mine Spoil Rehabilitation: Use of Legumes and Bio Inoculants to Establish Soil Fertility on Agro&ndash;Silviculture Basis</div>

<div>Excessive feldspar mining is becoming an alarming issue due to the untreated mine spoil. For the success in the remediation of mine spoil, selection of plant species is an important factor. Therefore being a nitrogen fixer, legumes can be an alternative and are needed to be broadcasted for the rehabilitation of mined lands. In this context guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) can be preferred which excels in enhancing soil fertility and is already in cultivation but not experimented with feldspar due to not establishing its rhizosphere fertility. In this study to enhance the fertility status and biological activities of feldspar mine spoil plantation of guar is done with the inoculation of microbes Azotobacter Azospirillum and Glomus mosseae (AMF) and organic and inorganic amendments. This attempt has successfully enhanced the rhizosphere enzymes at the rate of 10-65% maximum with AMF+ OM+ NPK50% (T16), nutrient uptake 10-70% maximum with Azotobacter+ OM+ NPK 50% (T7) and plant metabolites 10-51% also observed maximum with T7 over the uninoculated control. Guar has also shown positive response towards the applied treatment and grown well. Based on the results it can be inferred that guar can tolerate detrimental effects of feldspar mining. Hence, it is concluded that guar can be a potential crop to restore soil health of feldspar mined land for sustainable development. &nbsp;</div>

<div>Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.): A Potential Candidate for the Rehabilitation of Feldspar Mine Spoil Amended with Bioinoculants</div>

<div>Background: The current study was carried out to explore the effects of various biofertilizer applications on gladiolus growth, flower production and corms yield in Horticulture Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara in winter season of 2022. 
 
Methods: Ten distinct combinations of biofertilizers and their application techniques, together with control, were used in the experiment&rsquo;s Randomized Block Design, which was replicated three times. Corms were sown in the spacing 30&times;30 cm and treated as T1&nbsp; (Control), T2 (RDF + Azotobacter (Corm dipping), T3 (RDF + Azotobacter (Soil application), T4&nbsp; (RDF + Azotobacter (Foliar application), T5 (RDF + PSB (Corm dipping), T6 (RDF + PSB (Soil application), T7 (RDF + PSB (Foliar application), T8 (RDF + Azotobacter +PSB (Corm dipping), T9 (RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (Soil application) and T10&nbsp; (RDF + Azotobacter +PSB (Foliar application) The following data were recorded at different stages i.e. days required for sprouting of corms, plant height (cm),&nbsp; number of leaves per plant, number of Shoots per mother corm, days required for spike emergence per plot, length of spike (cm), diameter of floret (cm), number of spikes per plant, number of florets per spike, number of Spikes per hectare, number of cormels per plant, number of corms per plant, diameter of corm (cm), Wt. of corms per plant (g), Wt. of cormels/plant (g) and yield of corms (q/ha). 
 
Result: Among all the 10 treatments given Treatment T8, which consisted of RDF + Azotobacter + PSB and was used as a soil application, was found to be superior, implying that biofertilizers can improve nutrient availability and absorption, which resulted in improved gladiolus plant growth, blooming, yield, quality and yield.</div>

Effect in Growth, Flowering and Corm Yield of Gladiolus by Different Application Methods of Biofertilizers

<div>Background: A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive Rabi (winter) seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India to assess the impact of wheat varieties and integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient content and uptake and soil nutrient status. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.24%), available nitrogen (159 kg/ha) and Zn (0.41 mg/kg), medium in available phosphorus (38.90 kg/ha) and high in available potash (287 kg/ha). 
 
Methods: Experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications, consist of four wheat varieties viz. GW 273, GW 322, GW 451 and GW 496 and six integrated nutrient management (INM) practices viz. control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 and 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The pooled results indicated that uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by grain and straw, grain yield and straw yield were found higher with wheat variety GW 451 as compared to other wheat varieties. Nutrient content in grain and straw was not significantly affected by different wheat varieties. Among nutrient management practices, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, uptake, grain yield and straw of wheat were significantly higher under application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. Further, result revealed that different wheat varieties did not bring any significant variation in available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and organic carbon content in soil. Moreover, highest available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil was recorded with the application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. However, significantly higher organic carbon and zinc content in soil was observed under 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB +ZnSO4.</div>

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

<div>Background: Maize is one of the best cereal crop as it is also known as &ldquo;Queen of cereals&rdquo; by giving good taste, having more hybrid varieties, good production and price also. But to make maize best cereal well fertile and neutral soil is important. In the several previous years tthere was good soil, plant and environment relationship but due to passing the time soil health was deteriorated by using the more amount of inorganic fertilizers (beyond the limit). The insect pest attack was also increased due to uses of more amount of fertilizers. Soil becomes topic in nature and most of the inorganic chemical leached down and mixed with the water table. 
 
Material: The two year field experiment was conducted at experimental farm at Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab during the kharif season 2019- 2020 to study the influence of integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on physio-chemical properties of soil and yield of kharif maize in coarse loamy Typic Haplustept soil with 8 treatments treatments T1- Control, T2 - RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1, T3- RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T4- 75% RDF + 10 ton farm yard manure ha-1+ Vermicompost @2 ton/ha, T5-75% RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T6- 50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1, T7-50% RDF +15 ton of farmyard manure +azotobacter ha-1, T8-25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1 in RBD design with 3 replications. 
 
Result: The soil pH was found highest in T2 (RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1) (7.8) whereas highest EC was found in T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1) (0.27 dsm-1). The highest bulk density found under T1 (Control) ( 2.02 gcm-3) and porosity was highest in T8 (25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1) (37.96%). In T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1), the highest amount of Nitrogen (412.3 kgh-1), phosphorus (67.77 kgh-1), potassium (884.3 kgh-1) and organic carbon (0.567%) was found. In terms of yield parameters, the grain yield (4223 kgh-1), straw yield (6266 kgh-1), harvest index (41.53%) and 1000- seed weight (366.86gms) was found highest in T6 ((50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1). There are significant difference in all the treatements with respect to the physio-chemical properties of soil and yield paramters of maize.</div>

Influence of Integrated Use of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Kharif Maize in Coarse Loamy Typic Haplustept Soil

<div>Background: A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to assess the residual effect of wheat varieties and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, economics and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.24%), available nitrogen (159 kg/ha) and Zn (0.41 mg/kg), medium in available phosphorus (38.90 kg/ha) and high in available potash (287 kg/ha).&nbsp; 
 
Methods: During the period 2016-17 to 2017-18 the experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications, consisted of four varieties GW 273 (V1), GW 322 (V2), GW 451 (V3) and GW 496 (V4) and six integrated nutrient management control (N1), 100% RDF (N2), 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (N3), 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (N4), 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 (N5) and 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 (N6). 
 
Result: The pooled results indicated that among the residual effect of nutrient management practices, application of 50% RDF (RDF; 120:60:00 kg NPK/ha) + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield (669 kg/ha) and stover yield (1406 kg/ha) over control and gained the highest net return (₹18538/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 0.88.</div>

​​Residual Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity and Profitability of Green Gram under North Gujarat Agro-climatic Condition

<div>Background: The study investigates the role of Trichoderma viride (T.V) and other phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in enhancing phosphorus solubilisation and other nutrient availability in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The present work was conducted at FEEDS experimental farm, Manipur on 15/12/ 2021 in Wheat (Shriram super 252). The experiment was carried out with six treatments(T), T1 @ Trichoderma viride (T.V), T2 @ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) + Trichoderma viride (T.V), T3 @ Pseudomonas putida (P.P) + Trichoderma viride (T.V), T4 @ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) + Pseudomonas putida (P.P) +&nbsp;Trichoderma viride, T5 @ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) and T6 @ Azotobacter chrocooccum (A.C) + Pseudomonas putida (P.P) with four replications. Graded doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are applied in the ratio 100:50:50. Soil sample for PSM enumeration were collected at 0,30,65 and 95 days after sowing (DAS). 
&nbsp; 
Result: The results demonstrated a significant increase in microbial populations, phosphorus solubilisation, nutrient availability and grain yield. Out of the six treatments, T3 which received T. V and P. P showed highest Carbon (c), P and Potassium(K) content and T6 showed highest Nitrogen(N) content in the soil. The mean of the highest total Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) population is observed in 30 DAS in T6 and the lowest total PSB population in T1 at 65 DAS. The mean of the highest total Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) population is at 30 DAS in T1 and Lowest PSF population detected is in T6 at 0 DAS. The highest yield was observed in T4@ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) + Pseudomonas putida (P.P) + Trichoderma viride indicating a synergistic effect.</div>

Synergistic Role of Trichoderma viride with Other Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhancing Phosphate Solubilization in Wheat Cultivation of Manipur

Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a self-pollinated, auto-tetraploid legume crop with 2n=40 chromosomes and belongs to the family Fabaceae. Microbial inoculant Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum), Bacillus (Bacillus subtilus) and Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas sps.) were applied @ 250 g/acre. Consortium comprised of 3 microbial inoculants/strain @ 166.0 each for 500 g per acre&nbsp; 
 
Methods: For in depth studies field experiment on PSBs along with two doses of P2O5 were carried out during two consecutive Kharif season in 2020 and 2021 on SG99.The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as inoculants simultaneously increases P uptake by the plant and crop yield. Strains from the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Azotobacter are among the most powerful phosphate solubilizes.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Results revealed that the different treatments of recommended dose and double dose of PSBs exerted their significant effect on initiation of flowering, 50% flowering, completion of flowering and days to maturity.

An Analysis of the Effects of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on Phosphorus Intake to Increase Groundnut Productivity

Background:&nbsp;Terminalia tomentosa is a primary food plant of Antheraea mylitta Drury a polyphagous insect of Saturniidae family which is exploited commercially for the production of silk. Good quality of silk production depend on the nutrient of leaf. So, to optimize the nutrient of leaf integrated nutrient management practices has been used to increase soil fertility and to supply plant nutrient at an optimum. 
 
Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of INM practices on the leaves parameters of Terminalia tomentosa food plant of Antheraea mylitta Drury. An experiment based on randomised complete block design with 21 treatments and three replication was conducted at Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Nagri, Ranchi in the year 2019-20. 
 
Result: Results revealed that the application of INM treatments are significant on various leaf parameters. Highest single leaf length and breadth mean was observed in T19 (23.29 cm; 11.96 cm) was applied with 75% RDF through fertilizer+25% through vermicompost+ Azotobacter + PSB, weight of single leaf was found to be highest in T13 (5.19 g). The number of leaf was recorded highest in T19 (1892). The fresh leave yield ranged from 1617.317-5208.224 g with average mean of 4085.72 g, T19 (5032.1 g) recorded the highest fresh leaf yield. The dry matter content was found highest in T19 (340.56 g). The moisture content was recorded higher in T4 (71%) followed by T15 (69%).

Azotobacter vinellandii SINAz1 Increases Growth and Productivity in Rice under Salinity Stress

Feldspar Mine Spoil Rehabilitation: Use of Legumes and Bio Inoculants to Establish Soil Fertility on Agro–Silviculture Basis

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.): A Potential Candidate for the Rehabilitation of Feldspar Mine Spoil Amended with Bioinoculants

Effect in Growth, Flowering and Corm Yield of Gladiolus by Different Application Methods of Biofertilizers

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

Influence of Integrated Use of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Kharif Maize in Coarse Loamy Typic Haplustept Soil

Residual Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity and Profitability of Green Gram under North Gujarat Agro-climatic Condition

Synergistic Role of Trichoderma viride with Other Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhancing Phosphate Solubilization in Wheat Cultivation of Manipur

An Analysis of the Effects of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on Phosphorus Intake to Increase Groundnut Productivity

Effect of INM Practices on the Leaves Parameters of Terminalia tomentosa Food Plant of Antheraea mylitta Drury