<p style="text-align: justify;">This study was carried out to evalaute meat qaulity characteristics of imported chilled lambs in Saudi Arabia. Eighteen Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples of three imported breeds (Sawakni, Pakistani and Australi) were used. Moisture and ether extract contents were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different between the breeds. The breeds also showed significant (P&lt;0.05) differences in yellowness (b*), water-holding capacity (WHC) and cooking loss percentage (CL). The best overall acceptability was showed by Australi breed followed by Pakistani. The superior WHC ratio was attained by Pakistani breed, while Austali breed showed the best CL%. The highest myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) value was scored by Pakistani breed followed by Australi. It is concluded that Australi breed was the best between the tested breeds followed by Pakistani and lastly Sawakni based on its superiority over the other two breeds in all sensory evaluation components.&nbsp;</p>


<p>Evaluation of meat quality characteristics of imported&nbsp;chilled lambs in Saudi Arabia</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study was conducted with an aim to investigate the seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies in cattle which act as reservoir host. During the study a total of 427 cattle sera samples were collected from different parts of these islands. The samples were screened for presence of antibodies against different serovars of leptospira by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results revealed that out of 427 sera sample 180 (42.15%) showed antibodies against different serovars of leptrospira. The serovars which showed positive results are L. australis, L. autumnalis, L. canicola, L. hardzo, L. hebdomadis, L. icterrohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona, L.pyrogenes, L.grippotyphosa, L. lai like. &nbsp;The percent prevalence rate of leptospira ranged from 0.65 % (L. autumnalis) to as high as 19.61% (L. hebdomadis). &nbsp;It was also found that seropositivity of L. grippotyphosa , L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L.hebdomadis were higher compared to other serovars as these serovars were commonly detected from human cases also. Based on the present finding and the history of this disease in these islands it was revealed that the prevalence of leptospirosis in animal was high and also an alarming situation as these serovars were commonly prevalent in human being also.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Carrier status and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle of South Andaman</div>

<div><strong>Background:</strong> Leptospirosis significantly impacts the economy of livestock farmers by causing reproductive failure and production losses in bovines. The control of bovine leptospirosis requires a combination of vaccination programme, biosecurity measures and chemotherapeutic regimens. Vaccination protect the clinical diseases and reduces/prevents renal colonisation of Leptospires and in turn reduces excretion of leptospires in urine which is a major source of environmental contamination. Some serovars of leptospires require cell mediated immunity apart from humoral immunity. This study was undertaken to develop prototype vaccine with prevalent serogroups to induce humoral and cell mediated immunity. Immunogenicity of the prototype vaccines and their safety were assessed experimentally in Guinea pigs.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>An inactivated oil adjuvant prototype pentavalent bovine leptospira vaccines with serogroups Australis, Hebdomadis, Hardjo, Javanica and Pomona which were prevalent in Tamil Nadu were developed and compared with the aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant vaccine. The humoral immune response was assessed measuring antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test and Cell Mediated Immune response was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ability of these vaccines to protect Guinea pigs against virulent Leptospires challenge was also demonstrated.<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>The prototype vaccine blended with oil adjuvants resulted in higher protective antibody titres of more than 6.64 log<sub>2</sub> (&ge;1:100) than the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant blended vaccine. The protective antibody titres lasted upto 180 days, except for serogroup Javanica (150 days). The Montanide adjuvants were able to produce cell mediated immune response for protection against serovar Hardjo. Challenge study in guinea pigs showed complete protection following vaccination using pentavalent vaccine blended with Montanide adjuvants, while the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant was able to confer only partial protection. The Montanide blended prototype vaccines were also able to prevent renal colonisation of all five serogroups. This study shows the potential of the oil adjuvant blended multivalent vaccine for use in vaccination programmes against bovine leptospirosis.</div>


<div>Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents Renal Colonization in Guinea Pig Model</div>


Evaluation of meat quality characteristics of imported chilled lambs in Saudi Arabia

Carrier status and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle of South Andaman

Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents Renal Colonization in Guinea Pig Model