<div style="text-align: justify;">The objective of this study was to elucidate sonographic findings of congenital affections of &nbsp;bovine teat and udder. The present study was carried out on twelve bovine patients presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal sciences, Palampur. Various congenital affections observed were ectopic udder, congenital teat fistula, conjoined teat and congenital athelia. An ectopic udder was evident with functional gland cistern and teat cistern and was having a mixed echogenic mass of tissue. Congenital teat fistula showed an accessory full-thickness opening in the lateral teat wall. The conjoined teat was revealed as an accessory hypoechoic tubular cavity found adjacent to the normal teat cistern. Congenital athelia was evident with the absence of teat cistern and streak canal. The longitudinal scan at the level of glandular region revealed an anechoic gland cistern. Based on the sonographic evaluation of congenital teat and udder affections, the ultrasonography proved as a vital diagnostic aid for diagnosing various insidious congenital udder and teat disorders. Sonography equips the surgeon/Clinician in ascertaining the prognosis and helps in the future aspect of bovine udder and teat disorders management and formulation of a precise and efficient therapeutic plan.</div>

Sonographic findings of congenital bovine teat and udder affections