<div>Background: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important kharif growing crop and affected by a number of insect pests which are directly or indirectly decrease the yield. To increase the yield, the infestation by insect pest should be managed. Spodoptera litura is considered as the major pest of soybean crop and damages soybean to a very extent. Cultivation of insect resistant soybean can be the best technique for pest management program. Insect resistance is usually conferred by antixenosis i.e. the set of plant characteristics and insect responses that lead to undesirability of host. Thus, to find out the antixenosis resistance among 16 germplasm this study was performed. 
 
Methods: Seasonal incidence of S. litura was recorded with the abiotic parameter. Antixenosis resistance was determined through non-choice and free-choice feeding assay likewise MLAC (cm2) and C-value were calculated to find out the preference or non-preference of soybean germplasm. Trichome density and length were also examined which aids in the resistance mechanism. 
 
Result: Incidence of pest show positive correlation with temperature and morning humidity. The data on area consumption and C-value of soybean signified the resistant germplasm (BAUS 102, DSB34, MACS 1493 and RSC 11-03) and highly susceptible germplasm (NRC 131 and RSC 11-07) against S. litura which also conferred indirect relationship with trichome density and length.</div>

Screening of Soybean Germplasm against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) for the Expression of Antixenosis Resistance Through Seasonal Incidence and Dual-feeding Assay

<div>Background:&nbsp;The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is one of the main biotic threats to chickpea in both field and storage in the world. The evaluation of chickpea genotypes for pulse beetle resistance has increased motivation for the identification and application of host plant resistance as a critical component of pest management.&nbsp; 
 
Methods:&nbsp;In the present study, different chickpea genotypes were evaluated under laboratory conditions to identify the antixenosis, antibiosis and GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics of promising chickpea genotypes to the C. chinensis. 
 
Result:&nbsp;Genotype NBeG1004 (36.61 eggs/100 seeds) was less prone to egg laying, while ICCV14872 (180.45 eggs/100 seeds) was the most preferred. However, maximal developmental periods, minimum per cent adult emergence and growth index was observed in ICCV92944 Genotype HC1 showed substantial resistance with maximum phenolic, flavonoid and protease inhibitors content. The results revealed that presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) in HC1 conferred resistance to C. chinensis. These results show assurance for incorporation into an IPM program against C. chinensis.</div>

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) based Metabolomics of Promising Chickpea Genotypes against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is an important staple food and an excellent source of calories in India. Of the different insect pests attacking rice, brown planthopper, BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (St&aring;l) is an important sucking pest causing upto 100% yield losses. Host plant resistance is the most important method in keeping BPH under control and understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance is necessary to breed the resistant varieties with desirable characters.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Selected EMS mutant lines of Nagina22 (N22) variety, which were previously mass screened under controlled greenhouse conditions were assessed for their antixenosis mechanism to brown planthopper feeding by measuring probing marks and honeydew excretion area by following standard procedures and statistical analysis was done by using Statistix 8.1 software.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Both the brown planthopper nymphs and adults probed more in the resistant mutants compared to the susceptible mutants whereas the BPH adults probed more times (24.4) compared to the nymphs (22.2). The recorded honeydew excretion area by the resistant mutants was lower than that of susceptible mutants. In general, the BPH adults fed more and excreted more honeydew (79.5 mm2) compared to the nymphs (59.0 mm2). The damage score has a negative correlation with the probing marks of adults (-0.207) and nymphs (-0.411); and a positive correlation with honeydew excretion of adults (0.547) and nymphs (0.200). In this study, the EMS N22 mutants resistant to BPH, with a greater number of probing marks and less honeydew excretion area can serve as best donors in the breeding programmes to develop brown planthopper resistant varieties.

Screening of Soybean Germplasm against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) for the Expression of Antixenosis Resistance Through Seasonal Incidence and Dual-feeding Assay

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) based Metabolomics of Promising Chickpea Genotypes against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

Rice Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) Feeding Behaviour in Resistant NAGINA22 Rice Mutants