The present investigation reports diversity in contents of &nbsp;cell wall components, nutrients and anti-nutrients in flours of lupin genotypes belonging to 3 species viz. Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and Lupinus angustifolius. Lupin genotypes exhibited 96.17&plusmn;0.24-98.36&plusmn;0.16% dry matter, 8.33&plusmn;0.18-30.94&plusmn;1.8 g hundred seed weight, 27&plusmn;1.41-36&plusmn;1.0% neutral detergent fibre, 22.25&plusmn;0.92-29.65&plusmn;1.48% acid detergent fibre, 0.85&plusmn;0.21-3.4&plusmn;0.71% lignins, 21.05&plusmn;2.33-26.90&plusmn;0.85% cellulose, 4.15&plusmn;1.2-10.75&plusmn;0.49% hemi-cellulose, 7.0&plusmn;0.1-10.1&plusmn;0.42% oil, 15.87&plusmn;0.88-30.1&plusmn;2.52% proteins, 9.02&plusmn;0.24-21.69&plusmn;1.33 mg/g sucrose and 29.70&plusmn;1.43-55.49&plusmn;2.25 mg/g starch. The contents of different anti-nutrients were in the range of 0.29&plusmn;0.04-0.52&plusmn;0.07 mg/g phytic acid, 0.85&plusmn;0.17-2.75&plusmn;0.06 mg/g saponins, 0.61&plusmn;0.10-1.34&plusmn;0.05 mg/g tannins, 1.80&plusmn;0.07-3.64&plusmn;0.13 mg/g total phenols and 85.63&plusmn;2.06-182.9&plusmn;17.6 mg/g amylase inhibitor activity. Lectins were absent in all lupin genotypes as well as in chickpea check &lsquo;GPF-2&rsquo;. Carotenoids isochromic red and yellow fractions in lupin genotypes were 0.21&plusmn;0.06-2.22&plusmn;0.31 and 0.71&plusmn;0.15-9.35&plusmn;1.98 mg/g, respectively. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX) varied from 3.6&plusmn;0.85-10.95&plusmn;1.63 units/g for LOX-I and 3.1&plusmn;0.71-9.8&plusmn;0.1 units/g for LOX-II isozymes. All the lupin genotypes exhibited higher dry matter, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, oil, sucrose, phytic acid content and lower LOX-I and II activities as compared to chickpea check variety &lsquo;GPF-2&rsquo; at 5% level of significance. White lupins, Kiev Mutant and Andromeda were found to be better in nutritional quality as compared to chickpea check and other lupin genotypes studied. 
&nbsp;

Comparison of cell wall constituents, nutrients&nbsp;and anti-nutrients of lupin genotypes

<div style="text-align: justify;">The millets were processed by soaking, germination, microwave treatment and fermentation (open &amp; closed). Application of the process parameters for pearl millet, finger millet and sorghum showed significant differences on nutrients and anti-nutrients components. The protein and fiber value increased significantly whereas anti-nutrients viz. tannin and phytic acid decreased maximally to ~90% and 80% respectively by fermentation. Reduction in tannin follows the order Untreated &gt;Microwave Treated &gt; Soaking &gt;Germination &gt;Open Controlled Fermentation&gt;Closed Controlled Fermentation. Germination favors maximum reduction of polyphenolics to a level of 75% and least with both open and close controlled fermentation.</div>

Process optimization for anti-nutrient minimization of millets

<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study is focused to analyze the nutrients and anti-nutrient content of fresh Loni, to analyze the effect of cooking methods on the anti-nutritional factors of Loni, to prepare the value added products using fresh Loni and evaluate their sensory acceptability, to determine the nutritive value of the prepared products. Nutrient composition and anti-nutritional factors of fresh and cooked loni were determined. Two food products were made by incorporation of fresh loni at 40 percent, 60 per cent and 80 per cent in &lsquo;Crispy leafy vegetable cutlets&rsquo; and 15 per cent, 30 per cent and 45 per cent in &lsquo;Paratha&rsquo; &nbsp;refers as T1, T2, T3 respectively and the control T0 was made without incorporation of loni. The products were organoleptically evaluated for sensory acceptability using nine point hedonic scale. The nutrient content of fresh Loni were moisture 90.68 %, ash 4.4 g, protein 1.4 g, fat 0.4 g, crude fiber 1.6 g, carbohydrate 2.25 g, energy 24 kcal, calcium 273 mg, iron 14.34 mg, total carotene 3124 &micro;g per 100 g. The anti-nutritional content of loni were significantly decreased after shallow and deep frying. Organoleptically it was found that 60 per cent incorporation of fresh loni in &lsquo;Crispy leafy vegetable cutlets&rsquo; and 30 per cent incorporation of fresh loni in Paratha was found most acceptable. As well as the incorporation level increased the amount of fibre, calcium, iron and total carotene in the prepared products. On the basis of finding it is concluded that the fresh Loni can be used in the preparation of various products to increase the level of micro-nutrients.</div>

Effect of cooking methods on anti-nutrient content of Loni (Portulaca&nbsp;quadrifida L.) and their products development&nbsp; &nbsp;

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: This study compared the proximate, mineral and anti-nutritional composition of selected accessions of African yam bean. The objective was to assess the potential of these accessions to contribute to food and nutrition security critical to the survival of many rural communities currently ravaged by hunger and malnutrition in Africa.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Eight (8) accessions of African yam bean were used for this study. Seeds of each accession were processed and chemically analyzed using AOAC standard methods. The samples were replicated three times and F-LSD were used to separate significant means.&nbsp; 
 
Result:&nbsp;Results obtained showed that there were significant variations in the proximate, mineral and anti-nutritional composition of the accessions. Accession TSs 519 had the highest crude protein composition (22.53%), dry matter (91.14%), carbohydrate content (22.53%), sodium (80.46 mg/100 g) and the lowest moisture content 8.86%. The ash content was highest in accession TSs 568 (5.26%). Accession TSs 535 had the highest content of phytate (3.74%), oxalate (1.73%), HCN (1.72%) and tannins (1.44%). Magnesium and potassium were highest in accessions TSs 595 (90.26 mg/100 g) and TSs 568 (280.51 mg/100 g) respectively. The high protein and carbohydrate contents of African yam bean could supplement traditional dishes consumed by both children and adults in order to alleviate protein-energy malnutrition in the developing countries especially in Africa, where this legume is indigenous.</div>

Comparative Study of Proximate, Mineral and Anti-nutrient Composition of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex. A. Rich. (Harms.) Accessions

<div>Background: A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive Rabi (winter) seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India to assess the impact of wheat varieties and integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient content and uptake and soil nutrient status. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.24%), available nitrogen (159 kg/ha) and Zn (0.41 mg/kg), medium in available phosphorus (38.90 kg/ha) and high in available potash (287 kg/ha). 
 
Methods: Experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications, consist of four wheat varieties viz. GW 273, GW 322, GW 451 and GW 496 and six integrated nutrient management (INM) practices viz. control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 and 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The pooled results indicated that uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by grain and straw, grain yield and straw yield were found higher with wheat variety GW 451 as compared to other wheat varieties. Nutrient content in grain and straw was not significantly affected by different wheat varieties. Among nutrient management practices, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, uptake, grain yield and straw of wheat were significantly higher under application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. Further, result revealed that different wheat varieties did not bring any significant variation in available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and organic carbon content in soil. Moreover, highest available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil was recorded with the application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. However, significantly higher organic carbon and zinc content in soil was observed under 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB +ZnSO4.</div>

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

Four flaxseed varieties viz., JL-27, JL-23, JLS-6, and JLS-9 were germinated for 48 hours. Moisture, fat, protein, and fibre, minerals and antinutritional factors were analyzed in germinated flaxseeds and were compared with the raw. Macro and micro minerals were also assessed for both raw and germinated flaxseeds. Results showed significant variations between raw and germinated flaxseeds. Germinated flaxseeds were more nutritious as compared to raw flaxseeds. Raw flaxseeds were rich in macro minerals whereas germination significantly improved the micro mineral profile of flaxseeds. Germinated JLS-9 seeds revealed maximum significant increase for iron, zinc and manganese. Germination process significantly reduced the cyanogenic glycosides and phytic acid. Maximum reduction for cyanogenic glycosides (82.37%) was noted in JLS-9, whereas phytic acid decline was maximum (52.27%) in JL-23.&nbsp;

Effect of germination on proximate principles, minerals and anti&nbsp;nutrients of flaxseeds

<div>Background: The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers and the negligence on soil health regarding the conservation and use of organic sources of nutrients have not only caused the exhaustion of soil nutrient reserves but also resulted in soil health problems which is not conducive to achieving consistent increase in agricultural production. The beneficial influence of organic matter on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil is well known, the full appreciation of the same remains which is unfortunately ignored in modern agriculture. The regular recycling of organic wastes in the soil is the most efficient method of maintaining optimum nutrient reserves of soil and nutrient uptake by the plant. The Present Study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient status of soil under integrated usage of organic and inorganic sources. 
 
Methods: A field experiment entitled &ldquo;Nutrient Management Interventions in Rice-Ragi Sequence&rdquo; was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 on sandy loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The seven treatments consisted of T1: 100% RDF (100-60-40 kg N-P-K ha-1); T2: 100% RDF + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T3: 125% RDF+Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T4: 75% RDF + Poultrymanure&nbsp; @ 0.82 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 50 kg ha-1; T5: 75% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T6:50% RDF + Poultrymanure @ 1.6 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 and T7: 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1. The experiment was laidout in randomized block design with seven treatments and replicated thrice during kharif rice and in rabi each kharif treatment was subdivided into four sub treatments (S1: Nofertilizer, S2: 100% RDF, S3:75% RDF and S4:50% RDF) and hence, The split plot design was adopted in rabi. Total No.of plots per each replication in the rabi was 28 (7x4=28).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc have increased significantly with the fertility levels and organics. 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 recorded the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc contents and uptakes in grain and straw of rice. In no till rabi ragi, N, P, K, Zn and calcium content and uptake in grain and straw were found to be significantly superior with 100% RDF (S2) to the rest of the treatments in both the years and in pooled data.</div>

Effect of Nutrient Management Interventions on Nutrient Uptake of Rice-zero Till Ragi under Coastal Lands

<div>Background:&nbsp;Weeds are the major biological constraint in okra due to its slow initial growth and wider row spacing. Due to severe crop weed competition, weeds removed considerable amount of nutrients from the soil. Competition exists between the crop and weed for nutrients results in nutrient deficiencies in crop. Hence the present experiment is formulated to assess the effect of stale seedbed, mulching and mechanical weeding on nutrient availability, nutrient uptake by crop and weed in okra. 
 
Methods: Experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during Rabi 2020-21. Design adopted for the study was RBD with two factors. The first factor was seedbed preparation (S) and the second factor was weed management (W). Stale seedbed (S1) and normal seedbed (S2) were the two different seedbed preparation methods and dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 alone (W1), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb wheel hoe weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W2), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W3), wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4), hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W5) and weedy check (W6) were the six different weed management options tried. Soil samples were collected after the harvest of the crop to determine the nutrient availability. Weed samples at 30 and 60 DAS and plant samples at harvest were analyzed to determine the NPK content and respective uptake of nutrients were calculated by multiplying the nutrient content with DMP. 
 
Result: Stale seedbed significantly enhanced the dry matter production and nutrient uptake by okra at harvest and lowered the nutrient removal by weeds at 30 and 60 DAS. Compared to non-stale, stale seedbed recorded significantly higher fruit yield. Among the weed management, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, recorded the lowest total weed dry weight at 30 and 60 DAS and resulted in the highest NPK uptake by crop and fruit yield. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in a loss of 81.33, 18.16 and 50.84 kg N:P:K ha-1&nbsp;at 30 DAS and 102.09, 57.90 and 55.31 kg N:P:K ha-1 at 60 DAS, respectively. Nutrient removal by weeds was the lowest in wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and the highest in weedy check. It could be concluded that, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS was the best option for the management of weeds, higher nutrient availability and uptake and yield in okra.</div>

Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake by Crop and Weed as Influenced by Stale Seedbed, Mulching and Mechanical Weeding in Okra

<div>A field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the influence of sowing window, nutrient dose and foliar spray on yield and nutrient uptake of pigeonpea on sandy loam soil which was low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and available potassium. The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design, consisting of three sowing windows in main plots, three nutrient doses in sub-plots and two foliar sprays in sub-sub plots. Crop sown during II FN of September produced significantly higher seed and stalk yield, nutrient content and uptake. Application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 improved seed yield, stalk yield, nutrient content and uptake of redgram. Higher seed yield, stalk yield and nutrient uptake by the crop was recorded with foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 per cent) applied at 60 and 80 DAS. Interaction between sowing window and nutrient doses, sowing window and foliar sprays were significant in influencing yield of pigeonpea.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] as Influenced by Sowing Window, Nutrient Dose and Foliar Sprays</div>

<div>Background: Supplementation of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) showed promising results in improving the nutrient utilization and the productivity of animals. This offers several advantages such as easy transport, storage and handling and reduced risks of poisoning as compared with other approaches, such as giving a small amount of urea in drinking water, sprinkling of urea solution on fibrous feeds before feeding, or urea-ammonization of crop residues. These advantages of solid multi-nutrient blocks (SMB) opened up new vista to enhance productivity in terms of increased milk and meat production and higher reproductive efficiency in ruminant animal species. Keeping the above facts in view, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of feeding solid multinutrient blocks on feed intake, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical profile of crossbred calves 
 
Methods: In this study twenty four crossbred male calves of about 14-17 months of age were divided into four groups of six animals in each group. All animals were supplied wheat straw ad lib. In addition, animals in all groups were fed a concentrate mixture to meet out their nutrient requirement. Additionally, 30 % of concentrate mixture (on CP basis) was replaced by solid multi-nutrient blocks (SMB-I), SMB-II and SMB-III in groups T1, T2 and T3, respectively. After 60 days of feeding a metabolism trial of 6 days was conducted to assess the nutrient utilization of animals. Blood samples were collected at 0, 75, 150 day of experimental feeding to determine hematological parameters, enzymes, biochemical parameters and serum mineral concentration. 
 
Result: The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF and ADF were comparable among 4 groups. The CP intake was significantly higher in SMB supplemented groups as compared to control but there was no significant difference in CP digestibility among 4 groups. All the animals in four groups were on positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. Haematobiochemical parameters like Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein, globulin, A:G, SGOT and SGPT showed non-significant differences (p&gt;0.05) among the groups, however, periodical serum concentrations of albumin, urea and creatinine was higher in crossbred calves at 75 and 150 days of experiment in comparison to 0 day. On basis of present results, it may be concluded that supplementation of SMB can replace 30% crude protein of concentrate mixture without any adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, nutrient utilization and blood biochemical profile of crossbred calves.</div>

Comparison of cell wall constituents, nutrients and anti-nutrients of lupin genotypes

Process optimization for anti-nutrient minimization of millets

Effect of cooking methods on anti-nutrient content of Loni (Portulaca quadrifida L.) and their products development

Comparative Study of Proximate, Mineral and Anti-nutrient Composition of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex. A. Rich. (Harms.) Accessions

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

Effect of germination on proximate principles, minerals and anti nutrients of flaxseeds

Effect of Nutrient Management Interventions on Nutrient Uptake of Rice-zero Till Ragi under Coastal Lands

Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake by Crop and Weed as Influenced by Stale Seedbed, Mulching and Mechanical Weeding in Okra

Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] as Influenced by Sowing Window, Nutrient Dose and Foliar Sprays

Effect of Feeding Solid Multi-Nutrient Blocks on Feed Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Crossbred Calves