<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Hypertension is one of the cardiovascular disease that kills people silently across the globe. It can be controlled, in one of the way, by ACE inhibitory peptide extracted from aquatic resources.&nbsp; 
 
Methods:&nbsp;Rohu (Labeo rohita) fish wastes were quantified for their anatomical yield; analyzed for their proximate composition and optimized the enzymatic extraction parameters for ACE inhibitory peptides. Response surface methodology with Box-Benhken Design (RSM-BBD) was used to optimize alcalase concentration (0.5-2% v/w), hydrolysis temperature (45-60&deg;C), hydrolysis time (60-240 min.) and solid: liquid (S/L) ratio (0.2-1) to obtain rohu fish waste peptides.&nbsp; 
 
Results:&nbsp;More waste generated in smaller (49.4%) than medium and bigger (34.5%) fish. Quantum of edible flesh (59.06%) was followed by head (23.9%), trimmings (5.18%), scales (4.19%) and swim bladder (0.65%). However, protein content was highest in swim bladder (34.1%) followed by scales (22.9%), trimmings (18.7%) and head (17.1%). Alcalase concentration (1.08%, v/w), temperature (52.10&deg;C), hydrolysis time (129.18 min) and S/L ratio (0.8:1) were found optimum for extraction ACE inhibitory peptide with DH, ACE inhibition and PY of 19.27%, 54.98% and 51.37% respectively. Results showed the potential of extracted ACE inhibitory peptide as ingredients in functional food.</div>

Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction of ACE Inhibitory Peptide from Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fish Waste using RSM

<div>Background: Hypertension is a disease that has the potential to become the most significant cause of death in the world in 2020. Hypertension caused by an imbalance of the renin angiotensinogen system. Viscera hydrolyzate extract has an anti-hypertension activity. The research aimed to determine tilapia viscera hydrolyzate extract&rsquo;s ability to reduce blood pressure, suppressing the expression of TNF-&alpha; and IL-6. Viscera hydrolyzed with alcalase and extracted to obtain viscera bioactive crude extract (VisBC). 
 
Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats induced by DOCA-salt, gave VisBC therapy. 15 Wistar rats divided into 5 treatment groups, namely normal control (without induced DOCA-salt), positive control (SHR-Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat = induced by DOCA-salt), comparative control (SHR + Captopril 5 mg/kg), VisBC 1 (SHR + BC 150 mg/kg) and VisBC 2 (SHR + BC 300 mg/kg), where each treatment consisted of 3 replications. Each treatment measured for blood pressure, TNF-&alpha; and IL-6 expression. The data represented as mean &plusmn; SD and analyzed by ANOVA (p&lt;0.05) in any difference, a subsequent Duncan test. Data analyzed by SPSS 20.0 for Windows 10. 
 
Result: The results showed the treatment of VisBC could reduce systole (19.64%) and diastole (29.15%) blood pressure. Also, VisBC inhibited the expression of TNF-&alpha; (8.08%) and IL-6 (8.39%). The VisBC of tilapia with a dose of 150 mg/kg could inhibit the expression of TNF-&alpha; and IL-6, thereby affected the decrease in blood pressure (systole and diastole) in rats induced by DOCA-salt. This research proved that fish waste could produce bioactive as anti-hypertension.</div>

<div>Effects of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera Hydrolyzate on Blood Pressure, TNF-&alpha; and IL-6 Expression in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by DOCA-Salt</div>