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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 336-340,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-987

A three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

S
Sema Ozkadif
A
Ayse Haligur
E
Emrullah Eken
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Ceyhan-Adana, Turkey.
Cite article:- Ozkadif Sema, Haligur Ayse, Eken Emrullah (2018). A three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 336-340. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-987.

ABSTRACT

In the last years multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images were used in morphometric measurement of the scapula. The present study was aimed to reveal morphometrical aspects and morphometric differences between sexes regarding the scapula via three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction performed by using MDCT images of the fox scapula. Twelve adult red foxes (6 each of male and female) were used for this study. The high resolution images of the scapula were obtained by using a general diagnostic MDCT. The images obtained by MDCT were stacked and overlaid to reconstruct the 3D model of the scapula by using 3D modeling software (Mimics 13.1). Some morphometric measurements were taken from the reconstructed models of the scapula. The statistical analysis of data was performed for both sexes. Based on the 3D reconstructed scapula, the differences of the scapular measurements between male and female red fox were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Some morphometrical differences of the scapula were revealed in both sexes of red fox. These results were compared with other studies in the literature and they emphasize the morphologic diversities among species. This study may contribute to improve the knowledge related to the anatomy of the red fox.

REFERENCES

  1. Badr El Dine, F.M.M. and Hassan H.H.M. (2016). Ontogenic study of the scapula among some Egyptians: Forensic implications in age and sex estimation using multidetector computed tomography. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6: 56-77.
  2. Bryce, C.D., Pennypacker, J.L., Kulkarni, N., Paul, E.M., Hollenbeak, C.S., Mosher, T.J., and Armstrong, A.D. (2008). Validation of three-dimensional models of in situ scapulae. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 17: 825-832.
  3. Choudhary, O.P. and Singh, I. (2016). Morphometerical studies on scapula of Indian Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra). Indian Veterinary Journal, 93: 64-67.
  4. Churchill, R.S., Brems, J.J., and Kotschi, H. (2001). Glenoid size, inclination and version: An anatomic study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 10: 327-332.
  5. Dudek, A., Chroszcz, A., Janeczek, M., Sienkiewicz, W., Zawadzki, M., and Pospieszny, N. (2011). The acromion in Pietrain sow. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Medicina Veterinaria, 10: 17-22.
  6. Felska- Blaszczyk, L., Baranowski, P., Seremak, B., Pezinska, K., Nowak, P., Lasota, B., and Steller, O. (2013). Domestication of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) reflected in metric characters of selected thoracic girdle bones. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 12: 15-30.
  7. Ferrira, C.C., Souza Junior, P.,Santos, A.L.Q., Mendes, D.R., and Fontes, J.A. (2016). 3D scanner and cad software application in animal osteometry. Bioscience Journal Uberlandia, 32: 705-712.
  8. Giurazza, F., Vescovo, R.D., Schena, E., Cazzato, R.L., D’agostino, F., Grasso, R.F., Silvestri, S, and Zobel, B.B. (2013). Stature estimation from scapular measurements by CT scan evaluation in an Italian population. Legal Medicine, 15: 202-208.
  9. Hoenecke, H.R., Hermida, J.C., Flores-Hernandez, C., and D’lima, D.D. (2010). Accuracy of CT-based measurements of glenoid version for total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 19: 166-171.
  10. Kalra, M.K., Maher, M.M., Toth, T.L., Hamberg, L.M., Blake, M.A., Shepard, J., and Saini, S. (2004). Strategies for CT radiation dose optimization. Radiology, 230: 619-28.
  11. Martin-Serra, A., Figueirido, B., and Palmqvist, P. (2014). A three-dimensional analysis of morphological evolution and locomotor performance of the carnivoran forelimb. Plos One, 9: 1-20. 
  12. Moineau, G., Levigne, C., Boileau, P., Young, A., and Walch, G. (2012). Three-dimensional measurement method of arthritic glenoid cavity morphology: Feasibility and reproducibility. Orthopaedics&Traumatology: Surgery&Research, 98: 139-145.
  13. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. (2017). Prepared by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. 6th ed., Hannover, Columbia, Ghent, Sapporo: World Association of Veterinary Anatomists. 
  14. Ohl, X., Billuart, F., Lagace, P.Y., Gagey, O., Hagemeister, N., and Skalli, W. (2012). 3D morphometric analysis of 43 scapulae. Surgical Radiologic Anatomy, 34: 447-53.
  15. Polguj, M., Jedrzejewski, K.S., Topol, M. (2013). Sexual dimorphism of the suprascapular notch- morphometric study. Archives of Medical Science, 9: 177-183.
  16. Prescher, A. and Klümpen, T.H. (1995). Does the area of the glenoid cavity of the scapula show sexual dimorphism? Journal of Anatomy, 186: 223-226.
  17. Prokop, M. (2003). General principles of MDCT. European Journal of Radiology 45: 4-10.
  18. Rajani, C.V., Chandy, G., Sankunny, M., Surjith, K., Patki H.S., Ashok, N. (2018). Morphological identification of pectoral limb bones of Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) from domestic ruminants. Indian Journal Of Animal Research, DOI: 10.18805/    ijar.B-3491.
  19. Sangam, M.R. and Devi, S.S.S. (2014). Morphometry of suprascapular notch and its correlation with that of scapula. Journal of Clinical &Diagnostic Research, 8: 1-2.
  20. Siddiqui, M.S., Khan, M.Z.I., Moonmoon, S., Islam, M.N., and Jaha, M.R. (2008). Macro-anatomy of the bones of forelimb of black Bengal goat (Capra hircus). Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 6: 59-66.
  21. Taser, F.A. and Basaloglu, H. (2003). Morphometric dimensions of the scapula. Ege Journal of Medicine, 42: 73-80.
  22. Tomar, M.P.S., Taluja, J.S., Vaish, Rakhi., Shrivastav, A.B., Shahi, A., and Sumbria D. (2018). Gross anatomy of scapula in Tiger (Panthera tigris). Indian Journal Of Animal Research, 52: 547-550.
  23. Varlik, A., Ozkadif, S., Eken, E., and Kalayci. (2015). Investigation of biometric sexuel differences on humeral articular surfaces of New Zealand rabbits via photogrammetric techniques.Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3: 153-157.
  24. Wells, A. (2009). Scapular form in semi- arboreal and terrestrial carnivores: how climbing affects the shape of the scapula. https://    www.siue.edu/artsandsciences/.../pdf/09_Wells.pdf
  25. Welsch, G., Mamisch, T.C., Kikinis, R., Schmidt, R., Lang, P., Forst, R., and Fits, W. (2003). CT-based preoperative analysis of scapula morphology and glenohumeral joint geometry. Computer Aided Surgery, 8: 264-8.
  26. Witkowska, A., Alibhai, A., Hughes, C., Price, J., Klisch, K., Sturrock, C., and Rutland, C.S. (2014). Computed tomography analysis of guinea pig bone: architecture, bone thickness and dimensions throughout development. PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.615. 1-20.
  27. Zhang, K.Y., Wiktorowicz-Conroy, A., Hutchinson, J.R., Doube, M., Klosowski, M., Shefelbine, S.J., and Bull, A.M.J. (2012). 3D morphometeric and posture study of felid scapulae using statistical shape modelling. Plos One, 7: 1-8.
  28. Zhang, R., Wang, H., Zeng, G., Zhou, C., Pan, R., Wang, Q., and Li, J. (2016). Anatomical study of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) foot locomotor system. Indian Journal Of Animal Research, 50: 476-483. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 336-340,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-987

    A three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

    S
    Sema Ozkadif
    A
    Ayse Haligur
    E
    Emrullah Eken
    1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Ceyhan-Adana, Turkey.
    Cite article:- Ozkadif Sema, Haligur Ayse, Eken Emrullah (2018). A three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 336-340. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-987.

    ABSTRACT

    In the last years multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images were used in morphometric measurement of the scapula. The present study was aimed to reveal morphometrical aspects and morphometric differences between sexes regarding the scapula via three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction performed by using MDCT images of the fox scapula. Twelve adult red foxes (6 each of male and female) were used for this study. The high resolution images of the scapula were obtained by using a general diagnostic MDCT. The images obtained by MDCT were stacked and overlaid to reconstruct the 3D model of the scapula by using 3D modeling software (Mimics 13.1). Some morphometric measurements were taken from the reconstructed models of the scapula. The statistical analysis of data was performed for both sexes. Based on the 3D reconstructed scapula, the differences of the scapular measurements between male and female red fox were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Some morphometrical differences of the scapula were revealed in both sexes of red fox. These results were compared with other studies in the literature and they emphasize the morphologic diversities among species. This study may contribute to improve the knowledge related to the anatomy of the red fox.

    REFERENCES

    1. Badr El Dine, F.M.M. and Hassan H.H.M. (2016). Ontogenic study of the scapula among some Egyptians: Forensic implications in age and sex estimation using multidetector computed tomography. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6: 56-77.
    2. Bryce, C.D., Pennypacker, J.L., Kulkarni, N., Paul, E.M., Hollenbeak, C.S., Mosher, T.J., and Armstrong, A.D. (2008). Validation of three-dimensional models of in situ scapulae. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 17: 825-832.
    3. Choudhary, O.P. and Singh, I. (2016). Morphometerical studies on scapula of Indian Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra). Indian Veterinary Journal, 93: 64-67.
    4. Churchill, R.S., Brems, J.J., and Kotschi, H. (2001). Glenoid size, inclination and version: An anatomic study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 10: 327-332.
    5. Dudek, A., Chroszcz, A., Janeczek, M., Sienkiewicz, W., Zawadzki, M., and Pospieszny, N. (2011). The acromion in Pietrain sow. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Medicina Veterinaria, 10: 17-22.
    6. Felska- Blaszczyk, L., Baranowski, P., Seremak, B., Pezinska, K., Nowak, P., Lasota, B., and Steller, O. (2013). Domestication of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) reflected in metric characters of selected thoracic girdle bones. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 12: 15-30.
    7. Ferrira, C.C., Souza Junior, P.,Santos, A.L.Q., Mendes, D.R., and Fontes, J.A. (2016). 3D scanner and cad software application in animal osteometry. Bioscience Journal Uberlandia, 32: 705-712.
    8. Giurazza, F., Vescovo, R.D., Schena, E., Cazzato, R.L., D’agostino, F., Grasso, R.F., Silvestri, S, and Zobel, B.B. (2013). Stature estimation from scapular measurements by CT scan evaluation in an Italian population. Legal Medicine, 15: 202-208.
    9. Hoenecke, H.R., Hermida, J.C., Flores-Hernandez, C., and D’lima, D.D. (2010). Accuracy of CT-based measurements of glenoid version for total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 19: 166-171.
    10. Kalra, M.K., Maher, M.M., Toth, T.L., Hamberg, L.M., Blake, M.A., Shepard, J., and Saini, S. (2004). Strategies for CT radiation dose optimization. Radiology, 230: 619-28.
    11. Martin-Serra, A., Figueirido, B., and Palmqvist, P. (2014). A three-dimensional analysis of morphological evolution and locomotor performance of the carnivoran forelimb. Plos One, 9: 1-20. 
    12. Moineau, G., Levigne, C., Boileau, P., Young, A., and Walch, G. (2012). Three-dimensional measurement method of arthritic glenoid cavity morphology: Feasibility and reproducibility. Orthopaedics&Traumatology: Surgery&Research, 98: 139-145.
    13. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. (2017). Prepared by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. 6th ed., Hannover, Columbia, Ghent, Sapporo: World Association of Veterinary Anatomists. 
    14. Ohl, X., Billuart, F., Lagace, P.Y., Gagey, O., Hagemeister, N., and Skalli, W. (2012). 3D morphometric analysis of 43 scapulae. Surgical Radiologic Anatomy, 34: 447-53.
    15. Polguj, M., Jedrzejewski, K.S., Topol, M. (2013). Sexual dimorphism of the suprascapular notch- morphometric study. Archives of Medical Science, 9: 177-183.
    16. Prescher, A. and Klümpen, T.H. (1995). Does the area of the glenoid cavity of the scapula show sexual dimorphism? Journal of Anatomy, 186: 223-226.
    17. Prokop, M. (2003). General principles of MDCT. European Journal of Radiology 45: 4-10.
    18. Rajani, C.V., Chandy, G., Sankunny, M., Surjith, K., Patki H.S., Ashok, N. (2018). Morphological identification of pectoral limb bones of Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) from domestic ruminants. Indian Journal Of Animal Research, DOI: 10.18805/    ijar.B-3491.
    19. Sangam, M.R. and Devi, S.S.S. (2014). Morphometry of suprascapular notch and its correlation with that of scapula. Journal of Clinical &Diagnostic Research, 8: 1-2.
    20. Siddiqui, M.S., Khan, M.Z.I., Moonmoon, S., Islam, M.N., and Jaha, M.R. (2008). Macro-anatomy of the bones of forelimb of black Bengal goat (Capra hircus). Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 6: 59-66.
    21. Taser, F.A. and Basaloglu, H. (2003). Morphometric dimensions of the scapula. Ege Journal of Medicine, 42: 73-80.
    22. Tomar, M.P.S., Taluja, J.S., Vaish, Rakhi., Shrivastav, A.B., Shahi, A., and Sumbria D. (2018). Gross anatomy of scapula in Tiger (Panthera tigris). Indian Journal Of Animal Research, 52: 547-550.
    23. Varlik, A., Ozkadif, S., Eken, E., and Kalayci. (2015). Investigation of biometric sexuel differences on humeral articular surfaces of New Zealand rabbits via photogrammetric techniques.Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3: 153-157.
    24. Wells, A. (2009). Scapular form in semi- arboreal and terrestrial carnivores: how climbing affects the shape of the scapula. https://    www.siue.edu/artsandsciences/.../pdf/09_Wells.pdf
    25. Welsch, G., Mamisch, T.C., Kikinis, R., Schmidt, R., Lang, P., Forst, R., and Fits, W. (2003). CT-based preoperative analysis of scapula morphology and glenohumeral joint geometry. Computer Aided Surgery, 8: 264-8.
    26. Witkowska, A., Alibhai, A., Hughes, C., Price, J., Klisch, K., Sturrock, C., and Rutland, C.S. (2014). Computed tomography analysis of guinea pig bone: architecture, bone thickness and dimensions throughout development. PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.615. 1-20.
    27. Zhang, K.Y., Wiktorowicz-Conroy, A., Hutchinson, J.R., Doube, M., Klosowski, M., Shefelbine, S.J., and Bull, A.M.J. (2012). 3D morphometeric and posture study of felid scapulae using statistical shape modelling. Plos One, 7: 1-8.
    28. Zhang, R., Wang, H., Zeng, G., Zhou, C., Pan, R., Wang, Q., and Li, J. (2016). Anatomical study of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) foot locomotor system. Indian Journal Of Animal Research, 50: 476-483. 
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