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Research Article

volume 53 issue 12 (december 2019) : 1583-1588,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-975

Glucocorticoids change the transcript levels of galanin, galanin receptor-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat hippocampal neurons

F
Fangyan Pan
C
Chengying Yang
Q
Qing Xie
Y
Yang Yang
X
Xianmei Luo
L
Ling Gan
1The Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing-402 460, China.
Cite article:- Pan Fangyan, Yang Chengying, Xie Qing, Yang Yang, Luo Xianmei, Gan Ling (2018). Glucocorticoids change the transcript levels of galanin, galanin receptor-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat hippocampal neurons. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(12): 1583-1588. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-975.

ABSTRACT

Glucocorticoids (GCs) can affect hippocampal structure and function in animals and humans. This study was designed to investigate the possible functional molecules and mechanisms involved in the action of GCs on hippocampal neurons. Rat primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and treated with glucocorticoids at a low concentration (LC, 10-8 mol/L), a middle concentration (MC, 10-7 mol/L) and a high concentration (HC, 10-6 mol/L). The results indicate that GCs do not change the viability of hippocampal neurons but do change the catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The transcription expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), galanin (GAL), galanin receptor-2 (GALR2), and neuropeptide Y receptor-5 (NPYR5) genes in the HC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that hippocampal neurons launch the neuron protection pathways mediated by GAL, GALR2 and BDNF molecules when encountering an experimentally high concentration of corticosteroids.

REFERENCES

  1. Agoston, D.V., Komoly, S., Palkovits, M. (1994). Selective up-regulation of neuropeptide synthesis by blocking the neuronal-activity-    galanin expression in septohippocampal neurons. Exp Neurol, 126 : 247-255.
  2. Armstrong, D. and Browne, R. (1994). The analysis of free radicals, lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzymes and compounds related to oxidative stress as applied to the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. Adv Exp Med Biol, 366: 43-58.
  3. Caberlotto, L., Jimenez, P., and Overstreet, D.H. (1999). Alterations in neuropeptide Y levels and Y1 binding sites in the Flinders Sensitive Line rats, a genetic animal model of depression. Neurosci Lett, 265: 191-194.
  4. Castro, A.A., Moretti, M., Casagrande, T.S., Martinello, C., Petronilho, F., Steckert, A.V., Guerrini, R., Calo, G., et al. (2009). Neuropeptide S produces hyperlocomotion and prevents oxidative stress damage in the mouse brain: a comparative study with amphetamine and diazepam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 91: 636-642.
  5. Chameau, P., Qin, Y., Spijker, S., Smit, G., Joels, M. (2007). Glucocorticoids specifically enhance L-type calcium current amplitude and affect calcium channel subunit expression in the mouse hippocampus. J Neurophysiol, 97: 5-14.
  6. Chen, Q. ( 2015). The regulation mechanism of p-gp expression in L02 cells by Glucocorticoids, Master thesis, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
  7. Costantini, D., Marasco, V., MØller , A.P. ( 2011). A meta-analysis of glucocorticoids as modulators of oxidative stress in vertebrates. J Comp Physiol B, 181: 447-456.
  8. Gan, L., Yang, B., Mei, H. (2016) . The effect of iron dextran on the transcriptome of pig hippocampus. Genes Genom, 39: 1-14.
  9. Heilig, M. (2004). The NPY system in stress, anxiety and depression. Neuropeptides, 38: 213-224.
  10. Hoyer, D and Bartfai, T. (2012). Neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors: drug targets, and peptide and non-peptide ligands: a tribute to prof. Dieter Seebach. Chem Biodivers, 9: 2367-2387.
  11. Kinney, J.W., Sanchez Alavez, M., Barr, A.M., Criado, J.R., Crawley, J.N., Behrens MM, et al. ( 2009). Impairment of memory consolidation by galanin correlates with in vivo inhibition of both LTP and CREB phosphorylation. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 92: 429-438.
  12. Liu, X.Q. (2006). The relationship between glucocorticoids and cytokines and hippocampal synaptic damage and the protective effect of anti-inflammatory cytokines il-10, PhD thesis, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China McEwen, B.S. (2004). Strss and hippocampal plasticity. Annu. Rev. Neurosci, 22: 105-122.
  13. Misaki, N., Higuchi, H., Yamagata, K., Miki, N. (1992). Identification of glucocorticoid responsive elements (GREs) consist in far upstream of rat NPY gene. Neurochem Int, 21: 185-189.
  14. Murray, P.S. and Holmes, P.V. (2011). An overview of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and implications for excitotoxic vulnerability in the hippocampus. Int J Pept, 654085.
  15. Nicholls, P., Fita, I, Loewen, P.C. (2001). Enzymology and structure of catalases. Adv inorg Chem, 51: 51-106.
  16. Roussel, D., Dumas, J.F., Simard, G., Malthiery, Y., Ritz, P. (2004). Kinetics and control of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria after dexamerhasone treatment. Biochem. J, 382: 491-499.
  17. Sapolsky, R.M., Romero, L.M., Munck, A.U. (2000). How do glucocorticoids influence stress response? Integrating permissive, s    uppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr Rev, 21: 55-89.
  18. Kask, k., Langel., Bartfai, T (1995). Galanin-a new neuropeptide with inhibitory actions. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 15: 653-662.
  19. Shi, S.S., Shao, S., Yuan, B., Pan, F., Li, Z.L. (2010). Acute stress and chronic stress change brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase-coupled receptor(TrkB) expression in both young and aged rat hippocampus. Yonsei Med J, 51: 661-671
  20. Thorsell, A., Carlsson, K., Ekman, R. (1999). Behavioral and endocrine adaptation, and up-regulation of NPY expression in rat amygdala following repeated restraint stress. Neuroreport, 10: 3003-3007.
  21. Wozniak, W. (1993). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): role in neuronal development and survival. Folia Morphol, 52: 173-181
  22. Wu, B., Hu, S., Yang, M., Pan, H., Zhu, S. (2006). CART peptide promotes the survival of hippocampal neurons by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biochem Bioph Res co, 347: 656-661. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 12 (december 2019) : 1583-1588,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-975

    Glucocorticoids change the transcript levels of galanin, galanin receptor-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat hippocampal neurons

    F
    Fangyan Pan
    C
    Chengying Yang
    Q
    Qing Xie
    Y
    Yang Yang
    X
    Xianmei Luo
    L
    Ling Gan
    1The Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing-402 460, China.
    Cite article:- Pan Fangyan, Yang Chengying, Xie Qing, Yang Yang, Luo Xianmei, Gan Ling (2018). Glucocorticoids change the transcript levels of galanin, galanin receptor-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat hippocampal neurons. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(12): 1583-1588. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-975.

    ABSTRACT

    Glucocorticoids (GCs) can affect hippocampal structure and function in animals and humans. This study was designed to investigate the possible functional molecules and mechanisms involved in the action of GCs on hippocampal neurons. Rat primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and treated with glucocorticoids at a low concentration (LC, 10-8 mol/L), a middle concentration (MC, 10-7 mol/L) and a high concentration (HC, 10-6 mol/L). The results indicate that GCs do not change the viability of hippocampal neurons but do change the catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The transcription expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), galanin (GAL), galanin receptor-2 (GALR2), and neuropeptide Y receptor-5 (NPYR5) genes in the HC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that hippocampal neurons launch the neuron protection pathways mediated by GAL, GALR2 and BDNF molecules when encountering an experimentally high concentration of corticosteroids.

    REFERENCES

    1. Agoston, D.V., Komoly, S., Palkovits, M. (1994). Selective up-regulation of neuropeptide synthesis by blocking the neuronal-activity-    galanin expression in septohippocampal neurons. Exp Neurol, 126 : 247-255.
    2. Armstrong, D. and Browne, R. (1994). The analysis of free radicals, lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzymes and compounds related to oxidative stress as applied to the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. Adv Exp Med Biol, 366: 43-58.
    3. Caberlotto, L., Jimenez, P., and Overstreet, D.H. (1999). Alterations in neuropeptide Y levels and Y1 binding sites in the Flinders Sensitive Line rats, a genetic animal model of depression. Neurosci Lett, 265: 191-194.
    4. Castro, A.A., Moretti, M., Casagrande, T.S., Martinello, C., Petronilho, F., Steckert, A.V., Guerrini, R., Calo, G., et al. (2009). Neuropeptide S produces hyperlocomotion and prevents oxidative stress damage in the mouse brain: a comparative study with amphetamine and diazepam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 91: 636-642.
    5. Chameau, P., Qin, Y., Spijker, S., Smit, G., Joels, M. (2007). Glucocorticoids specifically enhance L-type calcium current amplitude and affect calcium channel subunit expression in the mouse hippocampus. J Neurophysiol, 97: 5-14.
    6. Chen, Q. ( 2015). The regulation mechanism of p-gp expression in L02 cells by Glucocorticoids, Master thesis, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
    7. Costantini, D., Marasco, V., MØller , A.P. ( 2011). A meta-analysis of glucocorticoids as modulators of oxidative stress in vertebrates. J Comp Physiol B, 181: 447-456.
    8. Gan, L., Yang, B., Mei, H. (2016) . The effect of iron dextran on the transcriptome of pig hippocampus. Genes Genom, 39: 1-14.
    9. Heilig, M. (2004). The NPY system in stress, anxiety and depression. Neuropeptides, 38: 213-224.
    10. Hoyer, D and Bartfai, T. (2012). Neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors: drug targets, and peptide and non-peptide ligands: a tribute to prof. Dieter Seebach. Chem Biodivers, 9: 2367-2387.
    11. Kinney, J.W., Sanchez Alavez, M., Barr, A.M., Criado, J.R., Crawley, J.N., Behrens MM, et al. ( 2009). Impairment of memory consolidation by galanin correlates with in vivo inhibition of both LTP and CREB phosphorylation. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 92: 429-438.
    12. Liu, X.Q. (2006). The relationship between glucocorticoids and cytokines and hippocampal synaptic damage and the protective effect of anti-inflammatory cytokines il-10, PhD thesis, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China McEwen, B.S. (2004). Strss and hippocampal plasticity. Annu. Rev. Neurosci, 22: 105-122.
    13. Misaki, N., Higuchi, H., Yamagata, K., Miki, N. (1992). Identification of glucocorticoid responsive elements (GREs) consist in far upstream of rat NPY gene. Neurochem Int, 21: 185-189.
    14. Murray, P.S. and Holmes, P.V. (2011). An overview of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and implications for excitotoxic vulnerability in the hippocampus. Int J Pept, 654085.
    15. Nicholls, P., Fita, I, Loewen, P.C. (2001). Enzymology and structure of catalases. Adv inorg Chem, 51: 51-106.
    16. Roussel, D., Dumas, J.F., Simard, G., Malthiery, Y., Ritz, P. (2004). Kinetics and control of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria after dexamerhasone treatment. Biochem. J, 382: 491-499.
    17. Sapolsky, R.M., Romero, L.M., Munck, A.U. (2000). How do glucocorticoids influence stress response? Integrating permissive, s    uppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr Rev, 21: 55-89.
    18. Kask, k., Langel., Bartfai, T (1995). Galanin-a new neuropeptide with inhibitory actions. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 15: 653-662.
    19. Shi, S.S., Shao, S., Yuan, B., Pan, F., Li, Z.L. (2010). Acute stress and chronic stress change brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase-coupled receptor(TrkB) expression in both young and aged rat hippocampus. Yonsei Med J, 51: 661-671
    20. Thorsell, A., Carlsson, K., Ekman, R. (1999). Behavioral and endocrine adaptation, and up-regulation of NPY expression in rat amygdala following repeated restraint stress. Neuroreport, 10: 3003-3007.
    21. Wozniak, W. (1993). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): role in neuronal development and survival. Folia Morphol, 52: 173-181
    22. Wu, B., Hu, S., Yang, M., Pan, H., Zhu, S. (2006). CART peptide promotes the survival of hippocampal neurons by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biochem Bioph Res co, 347: 656-661. 
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