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Research Article

volume 53 issue 7 (july 2019) : 895-900,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-952

Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

N
N. Suphrap
C
C. Wachirapakorn
C
C. Thamrongyoswittayakul
C
C. Wongnen
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Cite article:- Suphrap N., Wachirapakorn C., Thamrongyoswittayakul C., Wongnen C. (2018). Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(7): 895-900. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-952.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P<0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P>0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC. (1990). Official Method of Analysis. 15th Ed., Association of Official Agriculture Chemicals, Washington, DC. 771 p.
  2. Bauman, D. E., Perfield J. W. II, de Veth M. J. and Lock A. L. (2003). New perspectives on lipid digestion and metabolism in ruminants. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf., pp. 175-189.
  3. Brago, F., Muller L.D., Varga G.A., Delahoy A. and Cassidy T.W. (2002). Performance of high producing dairy cows with three different feeding systems combining pasture and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci., 85: 2964-2973.
  4. Bremner, J.M. and Keeney D.R. (1965). Steam distillation methods of determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Anal. Chem. Acta., 32: 218-228. 
  5. Church, D.C., (1979). Digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants. Digestive Physiol., 1: 166-173.
  6. Crocker, C.L. (1967). Rapid determination of urea nitrogen in serum or plasma without deproteinization. Am. J. Med. Technol., 33: 361-365.
  7. Daenseekaew, W. and Wachirapakron C. (2014). Effect of ethanol waste fermented by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungi (Aspergillus niger) in total mixed ratio on digestibility in vitro of gas production. Graduate Research Conference, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. pp. 585-593.
  8. Jenkins, T.C. (1993). Lipids metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci., 76: 3851-3863.
  9. Jenkins, T.C., Wallace R.J., Moate P.J. and Mosley E.E. (2008). Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. J. Anim. Sci., 86:397-412.
  10. Jintawanit, W., and Jatuporrapong S. (2008). Utilization of residue from cassava. Suwanvajokkasikit Animal R&D Institute. Kasetsart University. Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. pp. 36-41 (in Thai)
  11. Kaewwongsa, W., S. Traiyakun, C. Yuangklang, C. Wachirapakorn and P. Paengkoum. 2011. Protein enrichment of cassava pulp fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10: 2434-2440.
  12. Kearl, L.C. (1982). Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries. International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. 381 p.
  13. Krause, D.O., Denman S.E., Mackie R.I., Morrison M., Rae A.L., Attwood G.T. and McSweeney C.S. (2003). Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics. Microbiol. Rev., 27: 663-693.
  14. Liu, S.J., Bu D.P., Wang J.Q., Liu L., S. Liang, H.Y. Wei, L.Y. Zhou, D. Li and J.J. Loor. (2012). Effect of incremental levels of fish oil supplementation on specific bacterial populations in bovine ruminal fluid. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 96:9–16
  15. Mao, H.L., Wang J.K., Zhou Y.Y. and Liu J.X. (2010). Effects of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production, fermentation and microbial population in the rumen of growing lambs. Livest. Sci., 129: 56-62.
  16. Mathew, S., Sagathevan S., Thomas J. and Mathen G. (1997). An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids of ruminal fluid. Indian. J. Anim. Sci., 67: 805-807.
  17. May, P., Vorrapim T., Vasupen K., Bureenok S., Wongsuthavas S., Paengkoum P., Wachirapakorn C. and Yuangklang C. (2012). Effect of fat type on feed intake and nutrients digestibility in goats. KAJ, KKU. 40 Extra, 2: 219-222. (In Thai)
  18. Mertens, D.R. (1997). Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 80: 1463-1481.
  19. Moss, A.R., Jouany J.P. and Newbold J. (2000). Methane production in sheep in relation to concentrate feed production by ruminants: its contribution to global composition from bibliographic data. Ann. Zootech., 49: 231-253.
  20. NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. National Academic Press. Washington, D.C., USA. 408 p.
  21. Palmquist, D.L. (1988). The feeding value of fats. In: Feed Science (ed. ER Orskov), Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam, Netherlands. pp. 293–311
  22. Palmquist, D.L. and Jenkins T.C. (1980). Fat in lactation rations: Review. J. Dairy Sci., 63:1-14.
  23. Polviset, W. and Prakobsaeng N. (2016). Feeding either palm oil or sunflower oil on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in crossbred Thai native x Brahman bull. Indian J. Anim. Res., 50: 377-381.
  24. Polviset, W., Wachiraprakorn C. and Yuangklang C. (2014). Effects of fat sources on digestibility and rumen fermentation in crossbred Thai native x Brahman bulls. Indian J. Anim. Res., 48: 14-20.
  25. Preston, T.R. and Leng R.A. (1987). Matching Ruminant Production Systems with Available Resources in the Tropics and Sub-    Tropics. Penambul Books, Armidale: Australia. 245 p.
  26. SAS. (1996). User’s Guide: Statistic. Version 6. 15thed Cary, NC: SAS. Inst. 
  27. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980). Principles and Procedure of Statistics. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., U.S.A.
  28. Suphrap, N., Wachirapakorn C., Thamrongyoswittayakul C. and Wongnen C. (2018a). Effect of various oil sources on in vitrogas production, digestibility and fermentation metabolites in Thai Friesian crossbred. Prawarun Agri J., 15: (In press)
  29. Suphrap, N., Wachirapakorn C., Thamrongyoswittayakul C. and Wongnen C. (2018b). Effect of vegetable oil source supplementation on feed intake, nutrients digestibility and rumen biohydrogenation bacterial population in Thai Friesian dairy cows. Indian J. Anim. Res. (In press)
  30. Van Cleef, F.O.S., Ezequiel J.M.B., D’Aurea A.P., Almeida M.T.C., Perez H.L. and van Cleef E.H.C.B. (2016). Feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, feedlot performance, carcass traits, and meat characteristics of crossbred lambs fed high levels of yellow grease or soybean oil. Small Rumin. Res., 137: 151–156.
  31. Van Keulen, J. and Young B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a neutral marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci., 44: 282-287.
  32. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597. 
  33. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Edition. Cornell University. Press, USA. 476 p.
  34. Veen, W.A.G. (1986). The influence of slowly and rapidly degradable concentrate protein on a number of rumen parameters in dairy cattle. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 34: 199-216.
  35. Wachirapakorn, C. (1998). An Introduction to Ruminant Nutrition and Feeding. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University. 218 p. (In Thai)
  36. Wanapat, M. (1990). Ruminant Nutrition. Funny Publishing: Bangkok. 473 p. (In Thai) 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 7 (july 2019) : 895-900,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-952

    Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

    N
    N. Suphrap
    C
    C. Wachirapakorn
    C
    C. Thamrongyoswittayakul
    C
    C. Wongnen
    1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
    Cite article:- Suphrap N., Wachirapakorn C., Thamrongyoswittayakul C., Wongnen C. (2018). Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(7): 895-900. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-952.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P<0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P>0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC. (1990). Official Method of Analysis. 15th Ed., Association of Official Agriculture Chemicals, Washington, DC. 771 p.
    2. Bauman, D. E., Perfield J. W. II, de Veth M. J. and Lock A. L. (2003). New perspectives on lipid digestion and metabolism in ruminants. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf., pp. 175-189.
    3. Brago, F., Muller L.D., Varga G.A., Delahoy A. and Cassidy T.W. (2002). Performance of high producing dairy cows with three different feeding systems combining pasture and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci., 85: 2964-2973.
    4. Bremner, J.M. and Keeney D.R. (1965). Steam distillation methods of determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Anal. Chem. Acta., 32: 218-228. 
    5. Church, D.C., (1979). Digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants. Digestive Physiol., 1: 166-173.
    6. Crocker, C.L. (1967). Rapid determination of urea nitrogen in serum or plasma without deproteinization. Am. J. Med. Technol., 33: 361-365.
    7. Daenseekaew, W. and Wachirapakron C. (2014). Effect of ethanol waste fermented by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungi (Aspergillus niger) in total mixed ratio on digestibility in vitro of gas production. Graduate Research Conference, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. pp. 585-593.
    8. Jenkins, T.C. (1993). Lipids metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci., 76: 3851-3863.
    9. Jenkins, T.C., Wallace R.J., Moate P.J. and Mosley E.E. (2008). Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. J. Anim. Sci., 86:397-412.
    10. Jintawanit, W., and Jatuporrapong S. (2008). Utilization of residue from cassava. Suwanvajokkasikit Animal R&D Institute. Kasetsart University. Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. pp. 36-41 (in Thai)
    11. Kaewwongsa, W., S. Traiyakun, C. Yuangklang, C. Wachirapakorn and P. Paengkoum. 2011. Protein enrichment of cassava pulp fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10: 2434-2440.
    12. Kearl, L.C. (1982). Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries. International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. 381 p.
    13. Krause, D.O., Denman S.E., Mackie R.I., Morrison M., Rae A.L., Attwood G.T. and McSweeney C.S. (2003). Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics. Microbiol. Rev., 27: 663-693.
    14. Liu, S.J., Bu D.P., Wang J.Q., Liu L., S. Liang, H.Y. Wei, L.Y. Zhou, D. Li and J.J. Loor. (2012). Effect of incremental levels of fish oil supplementation on specific bacterial populations in bovine ruminal fluid. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 96:9–16
    15. Mao, H.L., Wang J.K., Zhou Y.Y. and Liu J.X. (2010). Effects of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production, fermentation and microbial population in the rumen of growing lambs. Livest. Sci., 129: 56-62.
    16. Mathew, S., Sagathevan S., Thomas J. and Mathen G. (1997). An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids of ruminal fluid. Indian. J. Anim. Sci., 67: 805-807.
    17. May, P., Vorrapim T., Vasupen K., Bureenok S., Wongsuthavas S., Paengkoum P., Wachirapakorn C. and Yuangklang C. (2012). Effect of fat type on feed intake and nutrients digestibility in goats. KAJ, KKU. 40 Extra, 2: 219-222. (In Thai)
    18. Mertens, D.R. (1997). Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 80: 1463-1481.
    19. Moss, A.R., Jouany J.P. and Newbold J. (2000). Methane production in sheep in relation to concentrate feed production by ruminants: its contribution to global composition from bibliographic data. Ann. Zootech., 49: 231-253.
    20. NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. National Academic Press. Washington, D.C., USA. 408 p.
    21. Palmquist, D.L. (1988). The feeding value of fats. In: Feed Science (ed. ER Orskov), Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam, Netherlands. pp. 293–311
    22. Palmquist, D.L. and Jenkins T.C. (1980). Fat in lactation rations: Review. J. Dairy Sci., 63:1-14.
    23. Polviset, W. and Prakobsaeng N. (2016). Feeding either palm oil or sunflower oil on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in crossbred Thai native x Brahman bull. Indian J. Anim. Res., 50: 377-381.
    24. Polviset, W., Wachiraprakorn C. and Yuangklang C. (2014). Effects of fat sources on digestibility and rumen fermentation in crossbred Thai native x Brahman bulls. Indian J. Anim. Res., 48: 14-20.
    25. Preston, T.R. and Leng R.A. (1987). Matching Ruminant Production Systems with Available Resources in the Tropics and Sub-    Tropics. Penambul Books, Armidale: Australia. 245 p.
    26. SAS. (1996). User’s Guide: Statistic. Version 6. 15thed Cary, NC: SAS. Inst. 
    27. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980). Principles and Procedure of Statistics. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., U.S.A.
    28. Suphrap, N., Wachirapakorn C., Thamrongyoswittayakul C. and Wongnen C. (2018a). Effect of various oil sources on in vitrogas production, digestibility and fermentation metabolites in Thai Friesian crossbred. Prawarun Agri J., 15: (In press)
    29. Suphrap, N., Wachirapakorn C., Thamrongyoswittayakul C. and Wongnen C. (2018b). Effect of vegetable oil source supplementation on feed intake, nutrients digestibility and rumen biohydrogenation bacterial population in Thai Friesian dairy cows. Indian J. Anim. Res. (In press)
    30. Van Cleef, F.O.S., Ezequiel J.M.B., D’Aurea A.P., Almeida M.T.C., Perez H.L. and van Cleef E.H.C.B. (2016). Feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, feedlot performance, carcass traits, and meat characteristics of crossbred lambs fed high levels of yellow grease or soybean oil. Small Rumin. Res., 137: 151–156.
    31. Van Keulen, J. and Young B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a neutral marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci., 44: 282-287.
    32. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597. 
    33. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Edition. Cornell University. Press, USA. 476 p.
    34. Veen, W.A.G. (1986). The influence of slowly and rapidly degradable concentrate protein on a number of rumen parameters in dairy cattle. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 34: 199-216.
    35. Wachirapakorn, C. (1998). An Introduction to Ruminant Nutrition and Feeding. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University. 218 p. (In Thai)
    36. Wanapat, M. (1990). Ruminant Nutrition. Funny Publishing: Bangkok. 473 p. (In Thai) 
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