Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1349-1353,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-922

Effect of choline chloride with propylene glycol on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

Y
Yang Jiao
S
Sang In Lee
I
In Ho Kim
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea.</div>
Cite article:- Jiao Yang, Lee In Sang, Kim Ho In (2018). Effect of choline chloride with propylene glycol on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1349-1353. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-922.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of choline chloride alone and in combination with propylene glycol on the growth performance, meat quality and backfat in finishing pigs. A total of 90 crossbred ((Landrace× Yorkshire)× Duroc) pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 75.15± 1.94 kg were randomly distributed by BW and sex. This 8-week experiment consisted of 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. The experiment included 3 treatments: CON, basic diet; TRT1, basic diet+0.05% choline chloride; TRT2, basic diet+0.05% biocholine P (chloride chloride and propylene glycol). Body weight was statistically higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet in week 8. During 4 to 8 weeks and overall, the average daily gain (ADG) was significant higher (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet. Digestibility of nitrogen was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at week 4 and week 8, back fat was higher (P < 0.05) in week 6 and week 8 in pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet. In conclusion, dietary TRT2 can increase the BW, ADG, nitrogen, and backfat in finishing pigs.

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC, (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International Methods (934.01). AOAC International, Arlington, VA, USA.
  2. Cavender, F. L. (2012). Glycols. Patty’s Toxicology, 4:595-640.
  3. Chibisa, G.E., Gozho, G.N., Van Kessel, A.G., Olkowski, A.A., Mutsvangwa, T. (2008). Effects of peripartum propylene glycol supplementation on nitrogen metabolism, body composition, and gene expression for the major protein degradation pathways in skeletal muscle in dairy cowsathways in skeletal muscle in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91:3512-3527.
  4. Cook, D.A., and Easter, R.A. (1991). The Water-Soluble Vitamins. In: Swine Nutritiou (Miller, EX., Ullrey, D.E., Lewis, A.J., Eds), Butterworth-Heinemann, 235-266. 
  5. Cooke, R.F., Del Rio, N.S., Caraviello, D.Z., Bertics, S.J., Ramos, M.H., Grummer, R.R. (2007). Supplemental choline for prevention and alleviation of fatty liver in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science, 90:2413-2418.
  6. Chung, Y.H., Brown, N.E., Martinez, C.M., Cassidy, T.W., Varga, G.A. (2009). Effects of rumen-protected choline and dry propylene glycol on feed intake and blood parameters for Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:2729-36.
  7. Faucitano, L., Rivest, J., Daigle, J.P., Lévesque, J., Gariepy, C. (2004). Distribution of intramuscular fat content and marbling within the longissimus muscle of pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 84:57-61.
  8. Fouladi, P., Nobar, R.S.D., Ahmadzade, A. (2008). Effect of choline chloride supplement and canola oil on the performance and feed efficiency in the broiler chickens. Research Journal of Poultry Science, 3:58-62.
  9. Grummer, R.R. (2008). Nutritional and management strategies for the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal, 176:10-20.
  10. Grummer, R.R., Winkler, J.C., Bertics, S.J., Studer, V.A. (1994). Effect of propylene glycol dosage during feed restriction on metabolites in blood of prepartum Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 77:3618-3623.
  11. Honikel, K.O. (1998). Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Science, 49:447-457.
  12. Kauffman, R.G., Eikelenboom, G., Van der Wal, P.G., Merkus, G., Zaar, M. (1986). The use of filter paper to estimate drip loss of porcine musculature. Meat Science, 18:191-200.
  13. Nielsen, N.I., and Ingvartsen, K.L. (2004). Propylene glycol for dairy cows: A review of the metabolism of propylene glycol and its effects on physiological parameters, feed intake, milk production and risk of ketosis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 115:191-213
  14. NPPC. (1991). Procedures to Evaluate Market Hogs. Natl. Pork Producers Counc., Des Moines, IA.
  15. NPPC. (2000). Pork composition and quality assessment procedures. In: National (Ed. E. P. Berg). Pork Producers Council. Des Monies, IA. 1-38.
  16. NRC. (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th edn. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
  17. Pettigrew, J.E., and Moser, R.L. (1991). Fat in swine nutrition. In: Swine Nutritiou (Miller, EX., Ullrey, D.E., Lewis, A.J., Eds), Butterworth-Heinemann, 133-145. 
  18. Rath, R., Mishra, S., Panigrahi, B., Singh, V., Tewari, H., Tewari, H. (2017). Effect dietary choline supplementation on egg quality and serum biochemical profile in White Pekin Ducks. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51:847-850.
  19. Shingfield, K.J., Jaakkola, S., Huhtanen, P. (2002). Effect of forage conservation method, concentrate level and propylene glycol on diet digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolite concentrations and nutrient utilisation of dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 97:1-21.
  20. Smith, J.W., Richert, B.T., Owen, K.Q., Bergstrom, J.R., Blum, S.A., Nelssen, J.L., Goodband, R.D., Tokach, M.D. (1995). The effects of supplementing growing finishing swine diets with betaine and (or) choline on growth and carcass characteristics. Kansas State University Swine Day. (1994). Report of Progress, 717:162-164.
  21. Wasserstein, R.L., and Lazar, N.A. (2016). The ASA’s statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose. The American Statistician, 70:129-133.
  22. Williams, C.H., David, D.J., Iismaa, O. (1962). The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.    The Journal of Agricultural Science, 59:381-385.
  23. Yildiz A, and Erisir Z. (2016). Effect of propylene glycol on fertility of postpartum dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50: 27-30.
  24. Zeisel, S.H. (1990). Choline deficiency. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 1:332-349. 
  25. Zeisel, S.H. (1993). Choline phospholipids: signal transduction and carcinogenesis. The FASEB Journal, 7:551-557. 
Published In
Indian Journal of Animal Research
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
0
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1349-1353,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-922

    Effect of choline chloride with propylene glycol on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

    Y
    Yang Jiao
    S
    Sang In Lee
    I
    In Ho Kim
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea.</div>
    Cite article:- Jiao Yang, Lee In Sang, Kim Ho In (2018). Effect of choline chloride with propylene glycol on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1349-1353. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-922.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of choline chloride alone and in combination with propylene glycol on the growth performance, meat quality and backfat in finishing pigs. A total of 90 crossbred ((Landrace× Yorkshire)× Duroc) pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 75.15± 1.94 kg were randomly distributed by BW and sex. This 8-week experiment consisted of 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. The experiment included 3 treatments: CON, basic diet; TRT1, basic diet+0.05% choline chloride; TRT2, basic diet+0.05% biocholine P (chloride chloride and propylene glycol). Body weight was statistically higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet in week 8. During 4 to 8 weeks and overall, the average daily gain (ADG) was significant higher (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet. Digestibility of nitrogen was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at week 4 and week 8, back fat was higher (P < 0.05) in week 6 and week 8 in pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet. In conclusion, dietary TRT2 can increase the BW, ADG, nitrogen, and backfat in finishing pigs.

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC, (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International Methods (934.01). AOAC International, Arlington, VA, USA.
    2. Cavender, F. L. (2012). Glycols. Patty’s Toxicology, 4:595-640.
    3. Chibisa, G.E., Gozho, G.N., Van Kessel, A.G., Olkowski, A.A., Mutsvangwa, T. (2008). Effects of peripartum propylene glycol supplementation on nitrogen metabolism, body composition, and gene expression for the major protein degradation pathways in skeletal muscle in dairy cowsathways in skeletal muscle in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91:3512-3527.
    4. Cook, D.A., and Easter, R.A. (1991). The Water-Soluble Vitamins. In: Swine Nutritiou (Miller, EX., Ullrey, D.E., Lewis, A.J., Eds), Butterworth-Heinemann, 235-266. 
    5. Cooke, R.F., Del Rio, N.S., Caraviello, D.Z., Bertics, S.J., Ramos, M.H., Grummer, R.R. (2007). Supplemental choline for prevention and alleviation of fatty liver in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science, 90:2413-2418.
    6. Chung, Y.H., Brown, N.E., Martinez, C.M., Cassidy, T.W., Varga, G.A. (2009). Effects of rumen-protected choline and dry propylene glycol on feed intake and blood parameters for Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:2729-36.
    7. Faucitano, L., Rivest, J., Daigle, J.P., Lévesque, J., Gariepy, C. (2004). Distribution of intramuscular fat content and marbling within the longissimus muscle of pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 84:57-61.
    8. Fouladi, P., Nobar, R.S.D., Ahmadzade, A. (2008). Effect of choline chloride supplement and canola oil on the performance and feed efficiency in the broiler chickens. Research Journal of Poultry Science, 3:58-62.
    9. Grummer, R.R. (2008). Nutritional and management strategies for the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal, 176:10-20.
    10. Grummer, R.R., Winkler, J.C., Bertics, S.J., Studer, V.A. (1994). Effect of propylene glycol dosage during feed restriction on metabolites in blood of prepartum Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 77:3618-3623.
    11. Honikel, K.O. (1998). Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Science, 49:447-457.
    12. Kauffman, R.G., Eikelenboom, G., Van der Wal, P.G., Merkus, G., Zaar, M. (1986). The use of filter paper to estimate drip loss of porcine musculature. Meat Science, 18:191-200.
    13. Nielsen, N.I., and Ingvartsen, K.L. (2004). Propylene glycol for dairy cows: A review of the metabolism of propylene glycol and its effects on physiological parameters, feed intake, milk production and risk of ketosis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 115:191-213
    14. NPPC. (1991). Procedures to Evaluate Market Hogs. Natl. Pork Producers Counc., Des Moines, IA.
    15. NPPC. (2000). Pork composition and quality assessment procedures. In: National (Ed. E. P. Berg). Pork Producers Council. Des Monies, IA. 1-38.
    16. NRC. (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th edn. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
    17. Pettigrew, J.E., and Moser, R.L. (1991). Fat in swine nutrition. In: Swine Nutritiou (Miller, EX., Ullrey, D.E., Lewis, A.J., Eds), Butterworth-Heinemann, 133-145. 
    18. Rath, R., Mishra, S., Panigrahi, B., Singh, V., Tewari, H., Tewari, H. (2017). Effect dietary choline supplementation on egg quality and serum biochemical profile in White Pekin Ducks. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51:847-850.
    19. Shingfield, K.J., Jaakkola, S., Huhtanen, P. (2002). Effect of forage conservation method, concentrate level and propylene glycol on diet digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolite concentrations and nutrient utilisation of dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 97:1-21.
    20. Smith, J.W., Richert, B.T., Owen, K.Q., Bergstrom, J.R., Blum, S.A., Nelssen, J.L., Goodband, R.D., Tokach, M.D. (1995). The effects of supplementing growing finishing swine diets with betaine and (or) choline on growth and carcass characteristics. Kansas State University Swine Day. (1994). Report of Progress, 717:162-164.
    21. Wasserstein, R.L., and Lazar, N.A. (2016). The ASA’s statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose. The American Statistician, 70:129-133.
    22. Williams, C.H., David, D.J., Iismaa, O. (1962). The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.    The Journal of Agricultural Science, 59:381-385.
    23. Yildiz A, and Erisir Z. (2016). Effect of propylene glycol on fertility of postpartum dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50: 27-30.
    24. Zeisel, S.H. (1990). Choline deficiency. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 1:332-349. 
    25. Zeisel, S.H. (1993). Choline phospholipids: signal transduction and carcinogenesis. The FASEB Journal, 7:551-557. 
    In this Article
      Contact us
      Follow us
      Published In
      Indian Journal of Animal Research

      Editorial Board

      View all (0)