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Research Article

volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1446-1451,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-867

Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat

S
S. Yýldýz
S
S. Erdoðan
1Yuzuncu Yil University, Gevaº Vocational School, Plant and Animal Production Program, Van-Turkey.
Cite article:- Yýldýz S., Erdoðan S. (2018). Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1446-1451. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-867.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using sunflower silage instead of corn silage for goats in early lactation on rumen and blood parameters and milk yield and composition. Saanen x Hair goat crossbred were used to assess their milk yield and composition with four diets, where corn silage (CS) was substituted with sunflower silage (SS) at amounts of 0, 34, 66 and 100 % of diets, respectively. The concentrations of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:3n6 and C18:3n:3 fatty acids increased, due to the increase in the content of SS in the diet, and the highest levels of these fatty acids were found in the 100SS group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the roughage source represents an effective strategy for altering the fatty acid composition of goat milk, with evidence that the total mixed ration is an important determinant of ruminal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the goat.

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC. (2000). The Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. [W. Horwitz (Ed)]. 17th Edn. Washington D. C. Vol. 1.
  2. Bannon, C.D., Craske, J.D., Hai, N.T., Harper, N.L., O’Rourke, K.L. (1982). Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability: II. Methylation of fats and oils with boron trifluoridemethanol. Journal of Chromotograhy, 247: 63-69.
  3. Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Rouel, J., Lamberet, G. (2003). A review of nutritional and physiological factors affecting goat milk lipid synthesis and lipolysis. Journal Dairy Science, 86:1751 –1770.
  4. Demirel, M., Bolat, D., Çelik, S., Bakýcý, Y., Eratak, S. (2008). Determination of fermentation and digestibility characteristics of corn, sunflower and combination of corn and sunflower silages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7:707-711.
  5. Fisher, L.J., Bittman, S., Mir, Z., Mir, P., Shelford, J.A. (1993). Nutritional evaluation of ensilage made from intercropped corn and sunflowers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 73: 539-545.
  6. Folch, J., Lees, M., Stanley, G.H.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 226: 497-509.
  7. Hubbel, D.S., Harrison, K.F., Daniels, L.B., Stallcup, O.T. (1985). A comparison of corn silage and sunflower silage for lactating Jersey cows. Arkansas Farm Research, 34 (1): 7.
  8. Islam, M., Dahlan, I., Rajion, M.A., Jelan, Z.A. (2000). Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen of cattle fed different levels of oil palm frond based diet and dry matter degradation of fractions of oil palm frond. Asian-Aus. Journal Animal Science, 13(7):941-947.
  9. Jackson, G.G., Cockcroft, P.D. (2002). Clinical Examination of Farm Animals. Blackwell Science, 303-305.
  10. Jensen, R.G. (2002). The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. Journal Dairy Science, 85: 295-350.
  11. Kaymakçi, M. (2016). Ileri koyun yetiþtiriciliði.pp 392.
  12. Kelly, M.L., Kolver, E.S., Bauman, D.E., Van Amburgh, M.E., Muller, L.D. (1998). Effect of intake of pasture on concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid in milk of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 1630-1636. 
  13. Khaled, N.F., Illek, J., Gajdusek, S. (1999). Interactions between nutrition, blood metabolic profile and milk composition in dairy goats. Acta Veterinaria, 68: 253–258.
  14. Khatun, A., Wani, G.M., Bhat, J.I.A., Choudhury, A.R., Khan, M.Z. (2011) Biochemical indices in sheep during different stages of pregnancy. Asian Journal of Animal Veterianry Advances, 6: 175-181.
  15. Lukkananukool, A., Paengkoum, P., Bureenok, S., Kawamoto, Y., Mitchaothai, J. (2014). Effect of fresh and silages of Mulato II Grass and Verano Stylo on intake, rumen fermentation and fatty acid profile in rumen fluid of meat goats. Journal of Mahanakorn Veterinary Medicine, 9(1): 23-36.
  16. McGuffey, R.K., Schingoethe, D.J. (1980). Feeding value of a high oil variety of sunflowers as silage to lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 63: 1109-1113.
  17. Melendez, P., Donovan, A., Hernandez, J., Bartolome, J., Risco, C., Staples, C., Thatcher, W. W. (2003). Milk, plasma, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, dietary protein, and fertility in dairy cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 223:628-634.
  18. Mohammadzadeh, H., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G.R. (2012). Frosted corn silage with or without a bacterial inoculant in dairy cattle ration. XVI International Silage Conference, 2-4 July Hämeenlinna Finland.
  19. Neumann, M., Olibani, R., Oliveira M.R., Gorski, S.C., Faria, M.F., Ueno, R.K., Marafon, F. (2009). Girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) para la producción de ensilaje de planta entera. Aplicada & Agrotecnologia, 2(3):181-190.
  20. NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 
  21. O’Donnell, J.A. (1993). Future of milk fat modification by production or processing: Integration of nutrition, food science and animal science. Journal of Dairy Science, 72: 3109-3115.
  22. Reynolds, C.K. (2005). Glucose balance in cattle. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, 143-154.
  23. SAS. (2017). SAS® User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  24. Silva, B.O., Leite, L.A., Ferreira, M.I.C., Fonseca, L.M., Reis, R.B. (2004). Sunflower silage and corn silage in lactating cow diets: milk production and composition. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 56(6):750-756.
  25. Shingfield, K.J., Chilliard, Y., Toivonen, V., Kairenius, P., Givens, D.I. (2008). Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk. Adv Exp Med Biol, 606: 3 –65.
  26. Strza³kowska, N., JóŸwik, A., Bagnicka, E., KrzyŸewski, J., Horbañczuk, K., Pyzel, B., Horbañczuk, J.O. (2009). Chemical composition, physical traits and fatty acid profile of goat milk as related to the stage of lactation. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 27(4): 311-320.
  27. Valdez, F.R., Harrison, J.H., Fransen, S.C. (1988). Effect of feeding corn-sunflower silage on milk production, milk composition, and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Journal Dairy Science, 71: 2462-2469.
  28. Van Gastelen, S., Antunes-Fernandes, E.C., Hettinga, K.A., Klop, G., Alferink, S.J.J., Hendriks, W.H., Dijkstra, J. (2015). Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating holstein-friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(3): 1915–1927.
  29. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. (1979). Systems of analyses for evaluation of fibrous feed. Proc. Int. Workshop on Standardization of Analytical Methodology for Feeds. (Editors: W. J. Pigden, C. C. Balch, M. Graham) Int. Dev. Res. Center Ottowa.
  30. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Comstock Publication. Ithaca, pp 476. 
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1446-1451,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-867

    Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat

    S
    S. Yýldýz
    S
    S. Erdoðan
    1Yuzuncu Yil University, Gevaº Vocational School, Plant and Animal Production Program, Van-Turkey.
    Cite article:- Yýldýz S., Erdoðan S. (2018). Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1446-1451. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-867.

    ABSTRACT

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using sunflower silage instead of corn silage for goats in early lactation on rumen and blood parameters and milk yield and composition. Saanen x Hair goat crossbred were used to assess their milk yield and composition with four diets, where corn silage (CS) was substituted with sunflower silage (SS) at amounts of 0, 34, 66 and 100 % of diets, respectively. The concentrations of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:3n6 and C18:3n:3 fatty acids increased, due to the increase in the content of SS in the diet, and the highest levels of these fatty acids were found in the 100SS group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the roughage source represents an effective strategy for altering the fatty acid composition of goat milk, with evidence that the total mixed ration is an important determinant of ruminal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the goat.

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC. (2000). The Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. [W. Horwitz (Ed)]. 17th Edn. Washington D. C. Vol. 1.
    2. Bannon, C.D., Craske, J.D., Hai, N.T., Harper, N.L., O’Rourke, K.L. (1982). Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability: II. Methylation of fats and oils with boron trifluoridemethanol. Journal of Chromotograhy, 247: 63-69.
    3. Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Rouel, J., Lamberet, G. (2003). A review of nutritional and physiological factors affecting goat milk lipid synthesis and lipolysis. Journal Dairy Science, 86:1751 –1770.
    4. Demirel, M., Bolat, D., Çelik, S., Bakýcý, Y., Eratak, S. (2008). Determination of fermentation and digestibility characteristics of corn, sunflower and combination of corn and sunflower silages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7:707-711.
    5. Fisher, L.J., Bittman, S., Mir, Z., Mir, P., Shelford, J.A. (1993). Nutritional evaluation of ensilage made from intercropped corn and sunflowers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 73: 539-545.
    6. Folch, J., Lees, M., Stanley, G.H.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 226: 497-509.
    7. Hubbel, D.S., Harrison, K.F., Daniels, L.B., Stallcup, O.T. (1985). A comparison of corn silage and sunflower silage for lactating Jersey cows. Arkansas Farm Research, 34 (1): 7.
    8. Islam, M., Dahlan, I., Rajion, M.A., Jelan, Z.A. (2000). Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen of cattle fed different levels of oil palm frond based diet and dry matter degradation of fractions of oil palm frond. Asian-Aus. Journal Animal Science, 13(7):941-947.
    9. Jackson, G.G., Cockcroft, P.D. (2002). Clinical Examination of Farm Animals. Blackwell Science, 303-305.
    10. Jensen, R.G. (2002). The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. Journal Dairy Science, 85: 295-350.
    11. Kaymakçi, M. (2016). Ileri koyun yetiþtiriciliði.pp 392.
    12. Kelly, M.L., Kolver, E.S., Bauman, D.E., Van Amburgh, M.E., Muller, L.D. (1998). Effect of intake of pasture on concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid in milk of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 1630-1636. 
    13. Khaled, N.F., Illek, J., Gajdusek, S. (1999). Interactions between nutrition, blood metabolic profile and milk composition in dairy goats. Acta Veterinaria, 68: 253–258.
    14. Khatun, A., Wani, G.M., Bhat, J.I.A., Choudhury, A.R., Khan, M.Z. (2011) Biochemical indices in sheep during different stages of pregnancy. Asian Journal of Animal Veterianry Advances, 6: 175-181.
    15. Lukkananukool, A., Paengkoum, P., Bureenok, S., Kawamoto, Y., Mitchaothai, J. (2014). Effect of fresh and silages of Mulato II Grass and Verano Stylo on intake, rumen fermentation and fatty acid profile in rumen fluid of meat goats. Journal of Mahanakorn Veterinary Medicine, 9(1): 23-36.
    16. McGuffey, R.K., Schingoethe, D.J. (1980). Feeding value of a high oil variety of sunflowers as silage to lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 63: 1109-1113.
    17. Melendez, P., Donovan, A., Hernandez, J., Bartolome, J., Risco, C., Staples, C., Thatcher, W. W. (2003). Milk, plasma, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, dietary protein, and fertility in dairy cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 223:628-634.
    18. Mohammadzadeh, H., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G.R. (2012). Frosted corn silage with or without a bacterial inoculant in dairy cattle ration. XVI International Silage Conference, 2-4 July Hämeenlinna Finland.
    19. Neumann, M., Olibani, R., Oliveira M.R., Gorski, S.C., Faria, M.F., Ueno, R.K., Marafon, F. (2009). Girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) para la producción de ensilaje de planta entera. Aplicada & Agrotecnologia, 2(3):181-190.
    20. NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 
    21. O’Donnell, J.A. (1993). Future of milk fat modification by production or processing: Integration of nutrition, food science and animal science. Journal of Dairy Science, 72: 3109-3115.
    22. Reynolds, C.K. (2005). Glucose balance in cattle. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, 143-154.
    23. SAS. (2017). SAS® User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
    24. Silva, B.O., Leite, L.A., Ferreira, M.I.C., Fonseca, L.M., Reis, R.B. (2004). Sunflower silage and corn silage in lactating cow diets: milk production and composition. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 56(6):750-756.
    25. Shingfield, K.J., Chilliard, Y., Toivonen, V., Kairenius, P., Givens, D.I. (2008). Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk. Adv Exp Med Biol, 606: 3 –65.
    26. Strza³kowska, N., JóŸwik, A., Bagnicka, E., KrzyŸewski, J., Horbañczuk, K., Pyzel, B., Horbañczuk, J.O. (2009). Chemical composition, physical traits and fatty acid profile of goat milk as related to the stage of lactation. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 27(4): 311-320.
    27. Valdez, F.R., Harrison, J.H., Fransen, S.C. (1988). Effect of feeding corn-sunflower silage on milk production, milk composition, and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Journal Dairy Science, 71: 2462-2469.
    28. Van Gastelen, S., Antunes-Fernandes, E.C., Hettinga, K.A., Klop, G., Alferink, S.J.J., Hendriks, W.H., Dijkstra, J. (2015). Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating holstein-friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(3): 1915–1927.
    29. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. (1979). Systems of analyses for evaluation of fibrous feed. Proc. Int. Workshop on Standardization of Analytical Methodology for Feeds. (Editors: W. J. Pigden, C. C. Balch, M. Graham) Int. Dev. Res. Center Ottowa.
    30. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Comstock Publication. Ithaca, pp 476. 
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