Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 288-293,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-804

The mutations within MC1R, TYRP1, ASIP genes and their effects on phenotypes of coat color in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus )

G
G.L. Yang
C
C.X. Shi
D
D.L. Fu
Z
Z.Q. Li
1Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476 000, China.
Cite article:- Yang G.L., Shi C.X., Fu D.L., Li Z.Q. (2018). The mutations within MC1R, TYRP1, ASIP genes and their effects on phenotypes of coat color in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus ). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 288-293. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-804.

ABSTRACT

Animal coloration is a powerful model for studying the genetic mechanisms that determine animal phenotypes. But, there has not been comprehensive characterization of the molecular basis of the complex patterns of coat color phenotype variation in wild boars. This study results indicated that the wild-type allele E+ of the MC1R gene was a dominant allele in wild boars and was not responsible for black, brown or other coat color phenotypes. A novel mutation c.695 T > C was identified in the 3¢-UTR of the ASIP gene. The association analysis showed that the C mutation allele was highly significantly associated with wild-type coat colors between wild boars and Western pig breeds (P=1.35E-33). A non-synonymous g.2254 G > A substitution was found in exon 2 of the TYRP1 gene (p.143His>Arg). The association analysis demonstrated that the G mutation allele was also significantly associated with wild-type coat colors between wild boars and Western pig breeds (P = 5.09E-10). In short, a few mutation sites in MC1R, ASIP, and TYRP1 genes were identified and surveyed several polymorphisms molecular variations in Chinese wild boars. In our identified mutations have caused the morphological diversity in wild boars, but did not influence coat color phenotype variation in some domesticated pig breeds. The conclusion was obtained that some mutations in color-associated genes were associated with wild-type coat colors in wild boar population, and that similar coat colorations observed in domesticated pig and wild boars can be the product of underlying differences in the genetic basis of color variants. 

REFERENCES

  1. Andersson, L. (2001). Genetic dissection of phenotypic diversity in farm animals. Nature Review Genetics, 2: 130-138.
  2. Cieslak, M., Reissmann, M., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A. (2011). Colours of domestication. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 4: 885-899.
  3. Dröemüller, C., Giese, A., Martins-Wess, F., Wiedemann, S., Andersson, L., Brenig, B., Fries, R., Leeb, T. (2006). The mutation causing the black-and-tan pigmentation phenotype of Mangalitza pigs maps to the porcine ASIP locus but does not affect its coding sequence. Mammalian Genome, 17: 58-66.
  4. Fang M.Y., Larson, G., Soares Ribeiro, H., Li, N., Andersson, L. (2009). Contrasting mode of evolution at a coat color locus in wild and domestic pigs. PLoS Genetics, 5: e1000341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000341.
  5. Hubbard, J. K., Uy, J.A.C., Hauber, M.E., Hoekstra, H.E., Safran, R.J. (2010). Vertebrate pigmentation: from underlying genes to adaptive function. Trends In Genetics, 26: 231-239.
  6. Karlsson, E. K., Baranowska, I., Wade, C.M., Salmon Hillbertz, N.H., Zody, M. C., Anderson, N., et al., (2007). Efficient mapping of mendelian traits in dogs through genome-wide association. Nature Genetics, 39: 1321-1328.
  7. Kijas, J.M.H., Moller, M., Plastow, G., Andersson L. (2001). A frameshift mutation in MC1R and a high frequency of somatic reversions cause black spotting in pigs. Genetics, 158: 779-785.
  8. Kijas, J.M.H., Wales, R., Törnsten, A., Chardon, P., Moller, M., Andersson, L. (1998). Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) mutations and coat color in pigs. Genetics, 150: 1177-1185. 
  9. Kingsley, E.P., Manceau, M., Wiley, C.D., Hoekstra, H.E. (2009). Melanism in Peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in Agouti. PLoS One, 4: e6435. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006435.
  10. Koutsogiannouli, E.A., Moutou, K.A., Sarafidou, T., Stamatis, C., Mamuris, Z. (2010). Detection of hybrids between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in Greece, using the PCR-RFLP method on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) mutations. Mammalin Biology, 75: 69-73.
  11. Ludwig, A., Pruvost, M., Reissmann, M., Benecke, N., Brockmann, G.A., Castanos, P., et al., (2009). Coat color variation at the beginning of horse domestication. Science, 324: 485.
  12. Mao, H.R., Ren, J., Ding, N.S., Xiao, S.J., Huang, L.S. (2010). Genetic variation within coat color genes of MC1R and ASIP in Chinese brownish red Tibetan pigs. Animal Science Journal, 81: 630-634.
  13. Ren, J., Mao, H.R., Zhang, Z.Y., Xiao, S.J., Ding, N.S., Huang, L.S. (2011). A 6-bp deletion in the TYRP1 gene cause the brown colouration phenotype in Chinese indigenous pigs. Heredity, 5: 862-868.
  14. Salmon Hillbertz, N. H., Isaksson, M., Karlsson, E.K., Hellmen, E., Pielberg, G.R., et al., (2007). Duplication of FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 causes hair ridge and predisposition to dermoid sinus in Ridgeback dogs. Nature Genetics, 39: 1318-    1320.
  15. Searle, A.G. (1968). Comparative Genetics of Coat Colour in Mammals. Logos Press, London.
  16. Sturm, R.A., O’Sullivan, B.J., Box, N.F., Smith, A.G., Smit, S.E., Puttick, E.R., Parsons, P.G., Dunn, I.S. (1995). Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase related protein gene family. Genomics, 29:24-34. 
Published In
Indian Journal of Animal Research
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
0
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 288-293,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-804

    The mutations within MC1R, TYRP1, ASIP genes and their effects on phenotypes of coat color in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus )

    G
    G.L. Yang
    C
    C.X. Shi
    D
    D.L. Fu
    Z
    Z.Q. Li
    1Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476 000, China.
    Cite article:- Yang G.L., Shi C.X., Fu D.L., Li Z.Q. (2018). The mutations within MC1R, TYRP1, ASIP genes and their effects on phenotypes of coat color in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus ). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 288-293. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-804.

    ABSTRACT

    Animal coloration is a powerful model for studying the genetic mechanisms that determine animal phenotypes. But, there has not been comprehensive characterization of the molecular basis of the complex patterns of coat color phenotype variation in wild boars. This study results indicated that the wild-type allele E+ of the MC1R gene was a dominant allele in wild boars and was not responsible for black, brown or other coat color phenotypes. A novel mutation c.695 T > C was identified in the 3¢-UTR of the ASIP gene. The association analysis showed that the C mutation allele was highly significantly associated with wild-type coat colors between wild boars and Western pig breeds (P=1.35E-33). A non-synonymous g.2254 G > A substitution was found in exon 2 of the TYRP1 gene (p.143His>Arg). The association analysis demonstrated that the G mutation allele was also significantly associated with wild-type coat colors between wild boars and Western pig breeds (P = 5.09E-10). In short, a few mutation sites in MC1R, ASIP, and TYRP1 genes were identified and surveyed several polymorphisms molecular variations in Chinese wild boars. In our identified mutations have caused the morphological diversity in wild boars, but did not influence coat color phenotype variation in some domesticated pig breeds. The conclusion was obtained that some mutations in color-associated genes were associated with wild-type coat colors in wild boar population, and that similar coat colorations observed in domesticated pig and wild boars can be the product of underlying differences in the genetic basis of color variants. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Andersson, L. (2001). Genetic dissection of phenotypic diversity in farm animals. Nature Review Genetics, 2: 130-138.
    2. Cieslak, M., Reissmann, M., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A. (2011). Colours of domestication. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 4: 885-899.
    3. Dröemüller, C., Giese, A., Martins-Wess, F., Wiedemann, S., Andersson, L., Brenig, B., Fries, R., Leeb, T. (2006). The mutation causing the black-and-tan pigmentation phenotype of Mangalitza pigs maps to the porcine ASIP locus but does not affect its coding sequence. Mammalian Genome, 17: 58-66.
    4. Fang M.Y., Larson, G., Soares Ribeiro, H., Li, N., Andersson, L. (2009). Contrasting mode of evolution at a coat color locus in wild and domestic pigs. PLoS Genetics, 5: e1000341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000341.
    5. Hubbard, J. K., Uy, J.A.C., Hauber, M.E., Hoekstra, H.E., Safran, R.J. (2010). Vertebrate pigmentation: from underlying genes to adaptive function. Trends In Genetics, 26: 231-239.
    6. Karlsson, E. K., Baranowska, I., Wade, C.M., Salmon Hillbertz, N.H., Zody, M. C., Anderson, N., et al., (2007). Efficient mapping of mendelian traits in dogs through genome-wide association. Nature Genetics, 39: 1321-1328.
    7. Kijas, J.M.H., Moller, M., Plastow, G., Andersson L. (2001). A frameshift mutation in MC1R and a high frequency of somatic reversions cause black spotting in pigs. Genetics, 158: 779-785.
    8. Kijas, J.M.H., Wales, R., Törnsten, A., Chardon, P., Moller, M., Andersson, L. (1998). Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) mutations and coat color in pigs. Genetics, 150: 1177-1185. 
    9. Kingsley, E.P., Manceau, M., Wiley, C.D., Hoekstra, H.E. (2009). Melanism in Peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in Agouti. PLoS One, 4: e6435. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006435.
    10. Koutsogiannouli, E.A., Moutou, K.A., Sarafidou, T., Stamatis, C., Mamuris, Z. (2010). Detection of hybrids between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in Greece, using the PCR-RFLP method on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) mutations. Mammalin Biology, 75: 69-73.
    11. Ludwig, A., Pruvost, M., Reissmann, M., Benecke, N., Brockmann, G.A., Castanos, P., et al., (2009). Coat color variation at the beginning of horse domestication. Science, 324: 485.
    12. Mao, H.R., Ren, J., Ding, N.S., Xiao, S.J., Huang, L.S. (2010). Genetic variation within coat color genes of MC1R and ASIP in Chinese brownish red Tibetan pigs. Animal Science Journal, 81: 630-634.
    13. Ren, J., Mao, H.R., Zhang, Z.Y., Xiao, S.J., Ding, N.S., Huang, L.S. (2011). A 6-bp deletion in the TYRP1 gene cause the brown colouration phenotype in Chinese indigenous pigs. Heredity, 5: 862-868.
    14. Salmon Hillbertz, N. H., Isaksson, M., Karlsson, E.K., Hellmen, E., Pielberg, G.R., et al., (2007). Duplication of FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 causes hair ridge and predisposition to dermoid sinus in Ridgeback dogs. Nature Genetics, 39: 1318-    1320.
    15. Searle, A.G. (1968). Comparative Genetics of Coat Colour in Mammals. Logos Press, London.
    16. Sturm, R.A., O’Sullivan, B.J., Box, N.F., Smith, A.G., Smit, S.E., Puttick, E.R., Parsons, P.G., Dunn, I.S. (1995). Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase related protein gene family. Genomics, 29:24-34. 
    In this Article
      Contact us
      Follow us
      Published In
      Indian Journal of Animal Research

      Editorial Board

      View all (0)