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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 52 issue 11 (november 2018) : 1590-1596,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-792

Effects of palm kernel shell ash as organic mineral supplement on performance of broiler chicks

A
A.U.C. Ohanaka
V
V.M.O Okoro
I
I.F. Etuk
I
I.C. Unamba-Oparah
I
I.C. Okoli
1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, Republic of South Africa.
Cite article:- Ohanaka A.U.C., Okoro V.M.O, Etuk I.F., Unamba-Oparah I.C., Okoli I.C. (2018). Effects of palm kernel shell ash as organic mineral supplement on performance of broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(11): 1590-1596. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-792.

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as organic mineral supplement on broiler chicks performance was conducted.  Ninety six Arbor Acre day old chicks were randomly assigned in 3 replicates of eight birds per replicate to four experimental diets containing graded levels of PKSA at 0, 5,10 and 15kg/ton of feed labeled T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively.  At 1st week of life, the chicks were assessed for growth performance, digestive tract development, histology and digesta pH.  The growth performance of the chicks were affected (P<0.05) by the supplementation on treatment groups in all parameters except the FCR.  The digestive tract development shown by percentage crop weight, proventriculus weight, liver weight and large intestinal weights were significantly affected.  The histological analysis of the villi shows that birds consuming T1 and T3 diets were more developed (p<0.05) than those consuming T2 and T4 diets. The pH of the digesta contents in the GIT of the various segments showed that PKSA supplementation affected (P<0.05) them except those in the proventriculus and large intestine.The quadratic function showed that only pH of digesta in crop and small intestine were positively influenced (P<0.05) among the significant parameters by optimum inclusion levels of 25% and 17.5% PKSA respectively.  Therefore, PKSA could be used favorably in broiler chicks production at levels of up to 10%.

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC. (1995). Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 16th Edition. 121.
  2. Boleli I, Maiorka A and Macari M. (2008). Estrutura funcional do trato digestorio. In: Fisiologia Aviaria Applicada a Frangos de Corte Jabolticabal: FUNEP – UNESP. RiodiGenerio. pp. 75–95.
  3. Coskun I, Korkmaz F, Altop A, Cayan H, Filik G, Sahin A, Samli H and Erener G. (2017). The effects of in ovo pollen extract injection on growth parameters, ileal histomorphology and caecal microflora in fasted broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Research. doi:10.18805/ijar.B-718. 51(6):
  4. Ebere C. (2013). The effect of coconut shell ash mineral supplement on aspects of the physiology of male rabbits. - Google Scholar. Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. MSc Thesis.
  5. Iwu A, Ebere C, Ogbuewu I, Etuk I, Opara M, Uchegbu M, Okoli I, Iheukwumere F, Herbert U. 2013. Coconut Shell Ash as a Mild Agonist of Reproductive Organ Development and Sex Hormone Release in Growing Rabbits. Journal of Medical Sciences. 13:563–569.
  6. Kaya A, Kaya H, Gul M, Yildirim A, Timurkaan B and Timurkaan S. (2015). Effect of different levels of organic acids in the diets of hens on laying performance, egg quality criteria, blood parameters, and intestinal histomorphology. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49:645–651, doi:10.18805/ijar.5577.
  7. King I, Sepulveda F and Smith M. (1981). Cellular distribution of neutral and basic amino acid transport systems in rabbit ileal mucosa. The Journal of Physiology. 319:355–360.
  8. Leeson S. (2005). Trace mineral requirements of poultry–validity of the NRC recommendations. Nottingham. 107-117 p.
  9. Mahapatra S, Srinivasan G, Rajini A and Mangala G. (2017). Effect of early post-hatch nutrition on production performance of commercial broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 51:291–295, doi:10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.4569.
  10. Makinde O and Sonaiya E. (2007). Determination of water, blood and rumen fluid absorbencies of some fibrous feedstuffs. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 19:84–87.
  11. Naylor L and Schmidt E. (1986). Agricultural use of wood ash as a fertilizer and liming material. Tappi (United States). 69:56–62.
  12. Nwogu C. (2013). Physiological responses of pullets fed commercial diets supplemented with varying levels of plantain stalk and root base ashes. Federal University of Technology, Owerri, MSc Thesis.
  13. Okoro V, Mbajiorgu C and Mbajiorgu E. (2016a). Semen quality characteristics of Koekoek breeder cocks influenced by supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic mixture at 35-41 weeks of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 45:433–440.
  14. Okoro V, Nwokeocha A, Ijezie C, Mbajiorgu C and Mbajiorgu E. (2016b). Effect of varying dietary supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic on semen quality characteristics of Hubbard white breeder broilercocks aged 35-41 weeks old. Indian Journal Of Animal Research. 50: 922-929 doi:10.18805/ijar.9378.
  15. Okoro V, Ravhuhali K, Mapholi T, Mbajiorgu E and Mbajiorgu C. (2017). Effect of age on production characteristics of Boschveld indigenous chickens of South Africa reared intensively. S Afr J Anim Sci. 47:157–167.
  16. Omede A, Okoro VMO, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC and Anyanwu GA. (2012). Macro-biophysical properties of candidate novel feedstuffs for poultry feeding. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 15, doi:10.3923/pjbs.2012.1176.1181.
  17. Soetan K, Olaiya C and Oyewole O. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants-A review. African Journal of Food Sciences. 4:200–222.
  18. SPSS. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics Software 24. http://www.spss.com.
  19. Wahlström A, Tauson R and Elwinger K. (2001). Plumage condition and health of aviary-kept hens fed mash or crumbled pellets. Poultry Science. 80:266–271.
  20. Yadav G, Kadam A, Pachpande A, Lambate S, Lonkar V, Maini S and Ravikanth K. (2010). Post hatch histo-morphological studies of small intestinal development in chicks fed with herbal early chick nutritional supplement. International Journal of Poultry Science. 9:851–855.
  21. Yuan J, Xu Z, Huang C, Zhou S and Guo Y.(2011). Effect of dietary Mintrex-Zn/Mn on performance, gene expression of Zn transfer proteins, activities of Zn/Mn related enzymes and fecal mineral excretion in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 168:72–79.
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 11 (november 2018) : 1590-1596,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-792

    Effects of palm kernel shell ash as organic mineral supplement on performance of broiler chicks

    A
    A.U.C. Ohanaka
    V
    V.M.O Okoro
    I
    I.F. Etuk
    I
    I.C. Unamba-Oparah
    I
    I.C. Okoli
    1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, Republic of South Africa.
    Cite article:- Ohanaka A.U.C., Okoro V.M.O, Etuk I.F., Unamba-Oparah I.C., Okoli I.C. (2018). Effects of palm kernel shell ash as organic mineral supplement on performance of broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(11): 1590-1596. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-792.

    ABSTRACT

    Evaluation of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as organic mineral supplement on broiler chicks performance was conducted.  Ninety six Arbor Acre day old chicks were randomly assigned in 3 replicates of eight birds per replicate to four experimental diets containing graded levels of PKSA at 0, 5,10 and 15kg/ton of feed labeled T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively.  At 1st week of life, the chicks were assessed for growth performance, digestive tract development, histology and digesta pH.  The growth performance of the chicks were affected (P<0.05) by the supplementation on treatment groups in all parameters except the FCR.  The digestive tract development shown by percentage crop weight, proventriculus weight, liver weight and large intestinal weights were significantly affected.  The histological analysis of the villi shows that birds consuming T1 and T3 diets were more developed (p<0.05) than those consuming T2 and T4 diets. The pH of the digesta contents in the GIT of the various segments showed that PKSA supplementation affected (P<0.05) them except those in the proventriculus and large intestine.The quadratic function showed that only pH of digesta in crop and small intestine were positively influenced (P<0.05) among the significant parameters by optimum inclusion levels of 25% and 17.5% PKSA respectively.  Therefore, PKSA could be used favorably in broiler chicks production at levels of up to 10%.

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC. (1995). Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 16th Edition. 121.
    2. Boleli I, Maiorka A and Macari M. (2008). Estrutura funcional do trato digestorio. In: Fisiologia Aviaria Applicada a Frangos de Corte Jabolticabal: FUNEP – UNESP. RiodiGenerio. pp. 75–95.
    3. Coskun I, Korkmaz F, Altop A, Cayan H, Filik G, Sahin A, Samli H and Erener G. (2017). The effects of in ovo pollen extract injection on growth parameters, ileal histomorphology and caecal microflora in fasted broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Research. doi:10.18805/ijar.B-718. 51(6):
    4. Ebere C. (2013). The effect of coconut shell ash mineral supplement on aspects of the physiology of male rabbits. - Google Scholar. Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. MSc Thesis.
    5. Iwu A, Ebere C, Ogbuewu I, Etuk I, Opara M, Uchegbu M, Okoli I, Iheukwumere F, Herbert U. 2013. Coconut Shell Ash as a Mild Agonist of Reproductive Organ Development and Sex Hormone Release in Growing Rabbits. Journal of Medical Sciences. 13:563–569.
    6. Kaya A, Kaya H, Gul M, Yildirim A, Timurkaan B and Timurkaan S. (2015). Effect of different levels of organic acids in the diets of hens on laying performance, egg quality criteria, blood parameters, and intestinal histomorphology. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49:645–651, doi:10.18805/ijar.5577.
    7. King I, Sepulveda F and Smith M. (1981). Cellular distribution of neutral and basic amino acid transport systems in rabbit ileal mucosa. The Journal of Physiology. 319:355–360.
    8. Leeson S. (2005). Trace mineral requirements of poultry–validity of the NRC recommendations. Nottingham. 107-117 p.
    9. Mahapatra S, Srinivasan G, Rajini A and Mangala G. (2017). Effect of early post-hatch nutrition on production performance of commercial broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 51:291–295, doi:10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.4569.
    10. Makinde O and Sonaiya E. (2007). Determination of water, blood and rumen fluid absorbencies of some fibrous feedstuffs. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 19:84–87.
    11. Naylor L and Schmidt E. (1986). Agricultural use of wood ash as a fertilizer and liming material. Tappi (United States). 69:56–62.
    12. Nwogu C. (2013). Physiological responses of pullets fed commercial diets supplemented with varying levels of plantain stalk and root base ashes. Federal University of Technology, Owerri, MSc Thesis.
    13. Okoro V, Mbajiorgu C and Mbajiorgu E. (2016a). Semen quality characteristics of Koekoek breeder cocks influenced by supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic mixture at 35-41 weeks of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 45:433–440.
    14. Okoro V, Nwokeocha A, Ijezie C, Mbajiorgu C and Mbajiorgu E. (2016b). Effect of varying dietary supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic on semen quality characteristics of Hubbard white breeder broilercocks aged 35-41 weeks old. Indian Journal Of Animal Research. 50: 922-929 doi:10.18805/ijar.9378.
    15. Okoro V, Ravhuhali K, Mapholi T, Mbajiorgu E and Mbajiorgu C. (2017). Effect of age on production characteristics of Boschveld indigenous chickens of South Africa reared intensively. S Afr J Anim Sci. 47:157–167.
    16. Omede A, Okoro VMO, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC and Anyanwu GA. (2012). Macro-biophysical properties of candidate novel feedstuffs for poultry feeding. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 15, doi:10.3923/pjbs.2012.1176.1181.
    17. Soetan K, Olaiya C and Oyewole O. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants-A review. African Journal of Food Sciences. 4:200–222.
    18. SPSS. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics Software 24. http://www.spss.com.
    19. Wahlström A, Tauson R and Elwinger K. (2001). Plumage condition and health of aviary-kept hens fed mash or crumbled pellets. Poultry Science. 80:266–271.
    20. Yadav G, Kadam A, Pachpande A, Lambate S, Lonkar V, Maini S and Ravikanth K. (2010). Post hatch histo-morphological studies of small intestinal development in chicks fed with herbal early chick nutritional supplement. International Journal of Poultry Science. 9:851–855.
    21. Yuan J, Xu Z, Huang C, Zhou S and Guo Y.(2011). Effect of dietary Mintrex-Zn/Mn on performance, gene expression of Zn transfer proteins, activities of Zn/Mn related enzymes and fecal mineral excretion in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 168:72–79.
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