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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 11 (november 2019) : 1526-1529,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8476

Critical thresholds of Ion Concentration in Plasma for Hypocalcemia prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis

X
Xinhuan Xiao
C
Chuchu Xu
S
Shi Shu
C
Cheng Xia
G
Gang Wang
Y
Yunlong Bai
L
Ling Wu
J
Jiasan Zheng
1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
Cite article:- Xiao Xinhuan, Xu Chuchu, Shu Shi, Xia Cheng, Wang Gang, Bai Yunlong, Wu Ling, Zheng Jiasan (2017). Critical thresholds of Ion Concentration in Plasma for Hypocalcemia prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(11): 1526-1529. doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8476.

ABSTRACT

Postpartum hypocalcemia is an important nutrient metabolic disease which occurs frequently in dairy cows. Parameters for early risk prediction of hypocalcemia have not been investigated previously in dairy cows on farms in China. To predict the occurrence of hypocalcemia and obtain the critical thresholds of various parameters related to the prevalence and risk of hypocalcemia in dairy cows. 61 Holstein Friesian cows from one farm were randomly selected and monitored using a plasma calcium (Ca) concentration of 2.0 mmol/L as the cutoff point of hypocalcemia. The risk prediction thresholds for hypocalcemia were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using prenatal plasma Ca concentration and other electrolyte concentrations. The results showed that the plasma thresholds were more than 2.12 mmol/L for Ca before calving, with 98.7% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity, and more than 1.90 mmol/L for phosphorus (P), with 98.7% sensitivity and 65.4% specificity, respectively. Furthermore, there was a prominent positive correlation between the plasma concentration of Ca and that of P or magnesium (Mg) before calving in dairy cows. Levels of Ca and P in the plasma of dairy cows before calving are useful parameters for risk prediction of postpartum hypocalcemia incidents in dairy cows.

REFERENCES

  1. Reinhardt, T A, Lippolis, J D, Mccluskey, B J, et al. (2011). Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. Veterinary Journal. 188:122-124.
  2. Fikadu W, Tegegne D, Abdela N, et al. (2016). Milk fever and its economic consequences in dairy cows: A Review. Global Veterinaria. 16:441-452.
  3. Ramberg C. F., Johnson E. K., Fargo R. D., et al. (1984). Calcium homeostasis in cows, with special reference to parturient hypocalcemia. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 246: R698-R704.
  4. Fan Z, Shu S, Xu C, et al. (2017). Protein profiling of plasma proteins in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia. Irish Veterinary Journal. 70:3. 
  5. Caixeta L S, Ospina P A, Capel M B, et al. (2015). The association of subclinical hypocalcemia, negative energy balance and disease with bodyweight change during the first 30 days post-partum in dairy cows milked with automatic milking systems. Veterinary Journal. 204:150-156.
  6. Roberts T., Chapinal N., LeBlanc S. J., et al. (2012). Metabolic parameters in transition cows as indicators for early-lactation culling risk. Journal of Dairy Science. 95: 3057-3063.
  7. Chapinal N., LeBlanc S. J., Carson M. E., et al. (2012). Herd-level association of serum metabolites in the transition period with disease, milk production, and early lactation reproductive performance. Journal of Dairy Science. 95: 5676-5682.
  8. Chamberlain A. T., Wilkinson J. M. (2002). Feeding the Dairy Cow. Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln, UK.
  9. Goff J. P. (2004). Macromineral disorders of the transition cow. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 20: 471-494.
  10. Sorensen J. T., Ostergaard S., Houe H., et al. (2002). Expert opinions of strategies for milk fever control. Prev Vet Med. 55: 69-78.
  11. Goff J. P., Horst R. L. (1997). Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum rations on milk fever in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 80: 176-186.
  12. Lean I. J., DeGaris P. J., McNeil D. M., et al. (2006). Hypocalcemia in dairy cows: meta-analysis and dietary cation anion difference theory revisited. J Dairy Sci. 89: 669-684.
  13. Sun Y, Wang B, Shu S, et al. (2015). Critical thresholds of liver function parameters for ketosis prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Veterinary Quarterly. 35(3):1-6.
  14. Ling W, Zhang H, Xu C, et al. (2016). Critical Thresholds of Antioxidant and Immune Function Parameters for Se deficiency Prediction in Dairy Cows. Biological Trace Element Research. 172:320-325.
  15. Gardner I. A., Greiner M. (2006). Receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios: improvements over traditional methods for the evaluation and application of veterinary clinical pathology tests. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 35: 8-17.
  16. Houe H., Ostergaard S., Thilsing-Hansen T., et al. (2001). Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia-an evaluation of parameters on incidence risk, diagnosis, risk factors and biological effects as input for a decision support system for disease control. Acta Vet Scand. 42: 1-29. 
  17. McNair S. L., Stickler G. B. (1969). Growth in familial hypophosphatemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets. N Engl J Med. 281: 1386-1389. 
  18. Prapong, S., Reinhardt, T.A., Goff, J.P., Horst, R.L., (2005). Short communication: Ca2+- adenosine triphosphatase protein expression in the mammary gland of periparturient cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 88: 1741–1744. 
  19. Melendez, P., Goff, J.P., Risco, C.A., et al. (2007). Prepartum monensin supplementation improves body reserves at calving and milk yield in Holstein cows dried-off with low body condition score. Research in Veterinary Science. 82: 349–357. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 11 (november 2019) : 1526-1529,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8476

    Critical thresholds of Ion Concentration in Plasma for Hypocalcemia prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis

    X
    Xinhuan Xiao
    C
    Chuchu Xu
    S
    Shi Shu
    C
    Cheng Xia
    G
    Gang Wang
    Y
    Yunlong Bai
    L
    Ling Wu
    J
    Jiasan Zheng
    1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
    Cite article:- Xiao Xinhuan, Xu Chuchu, Shu Shi, Xia Cheng, Wang Gang, Bai Yunlong, Wu Ling, Zheng Jiasan (2017). Critical thresholds of Ion Concentration in Plasma for Hypocalcemia prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(11): 1526-1529. doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8476.

    ABSTRACT

    Postpartum hypocalcemia is an important nutrient metabolic disease which occurs frequently in dairy cows. Parameters for early risk prediction of hypocalcemia have not been investigated previously in dairy cows on farms in China. To predict the occurrence of hypocalcemia and obtain the critical thresholds of various parameters related to the prevalence and risk of hypocalcemia in dairy cows. 61 Holstein Friesian cows from one farm were randomly selected and monitored using a plasma calcium (Ca) concentration of 2.0 mmol/L as the cutoff point of hypocalcemia. The risk prediction thresholds for hypocalcemia were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using prenatal plasma Ca concentration and other electrolyte concentrations. The results showed that the plasma thresholds were more than 2.12 mmol/L for Ca before calving, with 98.7% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity, and more than 1.90 mmol/L for phosphorus (P), with 98.7% sensitivity and 65.4% specificity, respectively. Furthermore, there was a prominent positive correlation between the plasma concentration of Ca and that of P or magnesium (Mg) before calving in dairy cows. Levels of Ca and P in the plasma of dairy cows before calving are useful parameters for risk prediction of postpartum hypocalcemia incidents in dairy cows.

    REFERENCES

    1. Reinhardt, T A, Lippolis, J D, Mccluskey, B J, et al. (2011). Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. Veterinary Journal. 188:122-124.
    2. Fikadu W, Tegegne D, Abdela N, et al. (2016). Milk fever and its economic consequences in dairy cows: A Review. Global Veterinaria. 16:441-452.
    3. Ramberg C. F., Johnson E. K., Fargo R. D., et al. (1984). Calcium homeostasis in cows, with special reference to parturient hypocalcemia. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 246: R698-R704.
    4. Fan Z, Shu S, Xu C, et al. (2017). Protein profiling of plasma proteins in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia. Irish Veterinary Journal. 70:3. 
    5. Caixeta L S, Ospina P A, Capel M B, et al. (2015). The association of subclinical hypocalcemia, negative energy balance and disease with bodyweight change during the first 30 days post-partum in dairy cows milked with automatic milking systems. Veterinary Journal. 204:150-156.
    6. Roberts T., Chapinal N., LeBlanc S. J., et al. (2012). Metabolic parameters in transition cows as indicators for early-lactation culling risk. Journal of Dairy Science. 95: 3057-3063.
    7. Chapinal N., LeBlanc S. J., Carson M. E., et al. (2012). Herd-level association of serum metabolites in the transition period with disease, milk production, and early lactation reproductive performance. Journal of Dairy Science. 95: 5676-5682.
    8. Chamberlain A. T., Wilkinson J. M. (2002). Feeding the Dairy Cow. Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln, UK.
    9. Goff J. P. (2004). Macromineral disorders of the transition cow. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 20: 471-494.
    10. Sorensen J. T., Ostergaard S., Houe H., et al. (2002). Expert opinions of strategies for milk fever control. Prev Vet Med. 55: 69-78.
    11. Goff J. P., Horst R. L. (1997). Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum rations on milk fever in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 80: 176-186.
    12. Lean I. J., DeGaris P. J., McNeil D. M., et al. (2006). Hypocalcemia in dairy cows: meta-analysis and dietary cation anion difference theory revisited. J Dairy Sci. 89: 669-684.
    13. Sun Y, Wang B, Shu S, et al. (2015). Critical thresholds of liver function parameters for ketosis prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Veterinary Quarterly. 35(3):1-6.
    14. Ling W, Zhang H, Xu C, et al. (2016). Critical Thresholds of Antioxidant and Immune Function Parameters for Se deficiency Prediction in Dairy Cows. Biological Trace Element Research. 172:320-325.
    15. Gardner I. A., Greiner M. (2006). Receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios: improvements over traditional methods for the evaluation and application of veterinary clinical pathology tests. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 35: 8-17.
    16. Houe H., Ostergaard S., Thilsing-Hansen T., et al. (2001). Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia-an evaluation of parameters on incidence risk, diagnosis, risk factors and biological effects as input for a decision support system for disease control. Acta Vet Scand. 42: 1-29. 
    17. McNair S. L., Stickler G. B. (1969). Growth in familial hypophosphatemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets. N Engl J Med. 281: 1386-1389. 
    18. Prapong, S., Reinhardt, T.A., Goff, J.P., Horst, R.L., (2005). Short communication: Ca2+- adenosine triphosphatase protein expression in the mammary gland of periparturient cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 88: 1741–1744. 
    19. Melendez, P., Goff, J.P., Risco, C.A., et al. (2007). Prepartum monensin supplementation improves body reserves at calving and milk yield in Holstein cows dried-off with low body condition score. Research in Veterinary Science. 82: 349–357. 
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