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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 54 issue 8 (august 2020) : 948-952,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3863

Evaluation of Puppies by Apgar Scoring System in Normal Gestation and Threatened Abortion in Canines

S
Sandeep M. Gaikwad
S
Sarita U. Gulavane
U
Umesh B. Kumbhar
R
Raju R. Shelar
R
Ravindra J. Choudhari
1Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai-400 012, Maharashtra, India.
Cite article:- Gaikwad M. Sandeep, Gulavane U. Sarita, Kumbhar B. Umesh, Shelar R. Raju, Choudhari J. Ravindra (2019). Evaluation of Puppies by Apgar Scoring System in Normal Gestation and Threatened Abortion in Canines. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(8): 948-952. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3863.

ABSTRACT

Total 40 pregnant bitches with known history of breeding; irrespective of age, parity belonging to different breeds were classified into normal gestation (NG) and threatened abortion (TA) and further divided into four groups (n=10) according to dam’s body weight (Group I-NG, >25kg BW; Group II- NG, <25kg BW; Group III- TA, >25kg BW and Group IV- TA<25 kg BW). In impending abortion conventional treatment of antibiotics and progesterone was given for 7 days and 15/20 bitches parturited. The puppies were evaluated at birth, at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes after birth by using Apgar scoring System. The mean Apgar scores at birth, 30, 60 minutes were 7.33 ± 0.22, 9.19 ± 0.23, 10.55 ± 0.12; 6.53 ± 0.16, 9.26 ± 0.20, 10.88 ± 0.12; 6.28 ± 0.20, 7.88 ± 0.21, 9.35 ± 0.18 and 5.39 ± 0.15, 7.36 ± 0.21, 9.81 ± 0.19, respectively in group I, II, III and IV. The Apgar scores of the puppies at birth, 30 and 60 minutes were significantly higher in normal gestation than in threatened abortion irrespective of body weights. At birth 6.54, 86.27, 7.19 and 17.17, 82.83,0 per cent puppies from normal gestation and threatened abortion had low, medium and high Apgar scores, respectively. At 60 minutes, 0, 10.79, 89.21 and 0, 41.46, 58.54 per cent puppies had low, medium, high scores in normal gestation and threatened abortion, respectively.

REFERENCES

  1. Crissiuma, A.L., Labarthe, N.V., Soares, A.M.B., Juppa, C.J., Mannarino, R. and Gershony, L.C. (2005). Aspectos cardiorrespiratorios e acidos-basicos do perýodo de transic a o fetal-neonatal em caes. Clýnica Veterinaria. 57: 36- 46.
  2. Gaudier FL, Goldenberg RL, Nelson KG, Peralta-Carcelen M, Dubard MB, Hauth JC (1996): Influence of acid-base status at birth and Apgar scores on survival in 500–1000g infants. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 87: 175–180. 
  3. Groppetti, D., Pecile, A., Del Carro, A. P., Copley, K., Minero, M. and Cremonesi, F. (2010). Evaluation of newborn canine viability by means of umbilical vein lactate measurement, Apgar score and uterine tocodynamometry. Theriogenology. 74(7): 1187-1196.
  4. Jayakumar, C., Krishnaswamy, A., Sudha, G. and Honnappa, T. G. (2015). Assessment of canine neonate by Apgar scoring system and its value as an index of short term neonatal survival. The Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction. 36(2): 14-20.
  5. Jepson,H.A., Talashek, M.L. and Tichy, A.M.(1991). The Apgar score: evolution, limitations and scoring guidelines. Birth. 18: 83–92.
  6. Moon, P.F., Massat, B.J. and Pascoe, P.J. (2001). Neonatal critical care. Vet Clin N Am: Small Anim Pract., 31(2): 343– 367.
  7. Palmer JE (2007): Neonatal foal resuscitation. Equine Veterinary Clinic. 23: 159–182.
  8. Silva, L. C. G., Lucio, C. F., Veiga, G. A. L., Rodrigues, J. A. and Vannucchi, C. I. (2009). Neonatal clinical evaluation, blood gas and radiographic assessment after normal birth, vaginal dystocia or caesarean section in dogs. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 44(s2): 160-163.
  9. Vaala, W.E. (2006). Perinatology. In: The Equine Manual. 2nd edition: Higgins, A.J., Snyder, J.R, editors. W.B. Saunders: p. 803–4.
  10. Veronesi, M.C., Panzani, S., Faustini, M. and Rota, A. (2009). An Apgar scoring system for routine assessment of newborn puppy viability and short-term survival prognosis. Theriogenology. 72: 401–7.
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    Research Article

    volume 54 issue 8 (august 2020) : 948-952,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3863

    Evaluation of Puppies by Apgar Scoring System in Normal Gestation and Threatened Abortion in Canines

    S
    Sandeep M. Gaikwad
    S
    Sarita U. Gulavane
    U
    Umesh B. Kumbhar
    R
    Raju R. Shelar
    R
    Ravindra J. Choudhari
    1Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai-400 012, Maharashtra, India.
    Cite article:- Gaikwad M. Sandeep, Gulavane U. Sarita, Kumbhar B. Umesh, Shelar R. Raju, Choudhari J. Ravindra (2019). Evaluation of Puppies by Apgar Scoring System in Normal Gestation and Threatened Abortion in Canines. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(8): 948-952. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3863.

    ABSTRACT

    Total 40 pregnant bitches with known history of breeding; irrespective of age, parity belonging to different breeds were classified into normal gestation (NG) and threatened abortion (TA) and further divided into four groups (n=10) according to dam’s body weight (Group I-NG, >25kg BW; Group II- NG, <25kg BW; Group III- TA, >25kg BW and Group IV- TA<25 kg BW). In impending abortion conventional treatment of antibiotics and progesterone was given for 7 days and 15/20 bitches parturited. The puppies were evaluated at birth, at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes after birth by using Apgar scoring System. The mean Apgar scores at birth, 30, 60 minutes were 7.33 ± 0.22, 9.19 ± 0.23, 10.55 ± 0.12; 6.53 ± 0.16, 9.26 ± 0.20, 10.88 ± 0.12; 6.28 ± 0.20, 7.88 ± 0.21, 9.35 ± 0.18 and 5.39 ± 0.15, 7.36 ± 0.21, 9.81 ± 0.19, respectively in group I, II, III and IV. The Apgar scores of the puppies at birth, 30 and 60 minutes were significantly higher in normal gestation than in threatened abortion irrespective of body weights. At birth 6.54, 86.27, 7.19 and 17.17, 82.83,0 per cent puppies from normal gestation and threatened abortion had low, medium and high Apgar scores, respectively. At 60 minutes, 0, 10.79, 89.21 and 0, 41.46, 58.54 per cent puppies had low, medium, high scores in normal gestation and threatened abortion, respectively.

    REFERENCES

    1. Crissiuma, A.L., Labarthe, N.V., Soares, A.M.B., Juppa, C.J., Mannarino, R. and Gershony, L.C. (2005). Aspectos cardiorrespiratorios e acidos-basicos do perýodo de transic a o fetal-neonatal em caes. Clýnica Veterinaria. 57: 36- 46.
    2. Gaudier FL, Goldenberg RL, Nelson KG, Peralta-Carcelen M, Dubard MB, Hauth JC (1996): Influence of acid-base status at birth and Apgar scores on survival in 500–1000g infants. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 87: 175–180. 
    3. Groppetti, D., Pecile, A., Del Carro, A. P., Copley, K., Minero, M. and Cremonesi, F. (2010). Evaluation of newborn canine viability by means of umbilical vein lactate measurement, Apgar score and uterine tocodynamometry. Theriogenology. 74(7): 1187-1196.
    4. Jayakumar, C., Krishnaswamy, A., Sudha, G. and Honnappa, T. G. (2015). Assessment of canine neonate by Apgar scoring system and its value as an index of short term neonatal survival. The Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction. 36(2): 14-20.
    5. Jepson,H.A., Talashek, M.L. and Tichy, A.M.(1991). The Apgar score: evolution, limitations and scoring guidelines. Birth. 18: 83–92.
    6. Moon, P.F., Massat, B.J. and Pascoe, P.J. (2001). Neonatal critical care. Vet Clin N Am: Small Anim Pract., 31(2): 343– 367.
    7. Palmer JE (2007): Neonatal foal resuscitation. Equine Veterinary Clinic. 23: 159–182.
    8. Silva, L. C. G., Lucio, C. F., Veiga, G. A. L., Rodrigues, J. A. and Vannucchi, C. I. (2009). Neonatal clinical evaluation, blood gas and radiographic assessment after normal birth, vaginal dystocia or caesarean section in dogs. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 44(s2): 160-163.
    9. Vaala, W.E. (2006). Perinatology. In: The Equine Manual. 2nd edition: Higgins, A.J., Snyder, J.R, editors. W.B. Saunders: p. 803–4.
    10. Veronesi, M.C., Panzani, S., Faustini, M. and Rota, A. (2009). An Apgar scoring system for routine assessment of newborn puppy viability and short-term survival prognosis. Theriogenology. 72: 401–7.
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