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Research Article

volume 53 issue 11 (november 2019) : 1420-1424,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3682

Use of scrotal infrared thermography and ultrasonography to understand thermoregulation of testis and sperm quality in Karan Fries breeding bull

M
Manish Kumar Kushwaha
M
Mukesh Bhakat
T
T.K. Mohanty
R
Raj Kumar
R
Ranjana Sinha
A
Abdul Rahim
P
Pawan Singh
K
Kavita Khosla
N
Nadeem Shah
Z
Ziaullah Danish
1Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.
Cite article:- Kushwaha Kumar Manish, Bhakat Mukesh, Mohanty T.K., Kumar Raj, Sinha Ranjana, Rahim Abdul, Singh Pawan, Khosla Kavita, Shah Nadeem, Danish Ziaullah (2019). Use of scrotal infrared thermography and ultrasonography to understand thermoregulation of testis and sperm quality in Karan Fries breeding bull. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(11): 1420-1424. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3682.

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of testicular covering thickness, scrotal circumference and scrotal surface temperature gradient insert semen quality attributes of Karan Fries breeding bull. Six ejaculates were collected from each randomly selected bulls (n=15), and seminal quality attributes were evaluated during peak winter season. Same time scrotal surface temperature gradient (SSTG), the thickness of testicular covering (TTC) and scrotal circumference (SC) of individual bulls were recorded using DarviDTL007 infrared thermography camera, ultrasonography and measuring tape, respectively. Three groups were formed based on  SSTG (Group I- £ 4 ºC, Group II- 4.1 to 6.8 ºC and Group III- ³6.9 ºC), two groups based on  TTC (Group I- 3.03 to 4.85 and Group II- 4.86 to 7.03 mm) and SC (Group I- 32 to 35 and Group II- 36 to 41 cm). Ejaculate rejection rate (ERR) was significantly decreased with the increase of SSTG and SC. ERR was not affected with TTC. The increase of SSTG (from GroupI to Group III), mass activity and non-eosinophilic sperm count were significantly increased, and sperm abnormalities were significantly (p<0.01) decreased. Similarly, with the increase of SSTG and abnormalities were significantly (p<0.01) increased among different groups. Ejaculate volume and non-eosinophilic sperm count were significantly (p<0.01) increased with SC group I and group II. It can be concluded that scrotal surface temperature gradient was a better indicator of semen quality as compared to the thickness of testicular covering and bulls having a higher scrotal surface temperature gradient, scrotal circumference and lower thickness of testicular covering produced better quality semen.

REFERENCES

  1. Arteaga, A. A., Soderquist, L., Persson, Y. and Barth, A.D. (2005). Comparison of electro ejaculation and trans rectal massage for semen collection in range and yearling feedlot beef bulls. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 87: 25-31.
  2. Barth, A.D. and Bowman, P.A. (1994). The sequential appearance of sperm abnormalities after scrotal insulation of dexamethasone treatment of bulls. Can. Vet. J., 34: 93-102.
  3. Bhakat, M., Mohanty, T., Gupta, A.K., Prasad, S., Chakravarty, A.K. and Khan, H.M. (2015). Effect of season on semen quality parameters in Murrah buffalo bulls. Buffalo Bull., 34: 100-112.
  4. Bitew, M. and Prasad, S. (2011). Study on major reproductive health problems in indigenous and cross breed cows in and around Bedelle. South West Ethiopia. J Ani Vet Adv.,10: 723-727.
  5. Brito, L.F.C., Silva, A.E.D., Barbosa, R.T. and Kastelic, J.P. (2004). Testicular thermoregulation in Bosindicus, crossbred and Bostaurusbulls: relationship with scrotal, testicular vascular cone and testicular morphology, and effects on semen quality and sperm production. Theriogenology, 61: 511-528.
  6. Coulter, G.H. (1988). Thermography of bull testes, 12th Technical Conference of Artificial Insemination and Reproduction. Columbia, SC: Nat. Ass. Anim. Breeders. pp. 58-63.
  7. Coulter, G.H. and Foote, R.H. (1979). Bovine testicular measurements as indicators of reproductive performance and their relationship to reproductive performance and their relationship to productive traits in cattle: A review. Theriogenology, 11: 297-311.
  8. Fernandes, C.E., Dode, M.A.N., Pereira, D. and Silva, A.E.D.F. (2008). Effects of scrotal insulation in Nellore bulls (Bos Taurus indicus) on seminal quality and its relationship with in vitro fertilizing ability. Theriogenology, 70: 1560-1568.
  9. Janet, L., Lloyd-Jones, R., Purohit, C., Boyle, M. and Shepherd, C. (2015). Use of Thermography for Functional Evaluation of Stallion Scrotum and Testes. J.Equine Vet. Sci., 35: 488-494.
  10. Kastelic, J.P. (2014). Understanding and evaluating bovine testes. Theriogenology, 81: 18-23.
  11. Kastelic, J.P., Cook, R.B., Pierson, R.A. and Coulter, G.H. (2001). Relationships among scrotal and testicular characteristics, sperm production and seminal quality in 129 beef bulls. Canad. J. Vet. Res., 65: 111-115.
  12. Kastelic, J.P., Coulter, G.H. and Cook, R.B. (1995). Scrotal surface, subcutaneous, intra testicular, and intra-epididymal temperatures in bulls. Theriogenology, 44: 147-152.
  13. Knights, S.A., Baker, R.L., Gianola, D. and Gibb, J.B. (1984). Estimates of heritabilities and of genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth and reproductive traits in yearling Angus bulls. J. Anim. Sci., 58: 887-893.
  14. Kumar, B.S.B., Pandita, S.P., Mallick S.R., Mohanty, T.K., Mandal, D.K. and Mili, B. (2015). Luteinizing hormone, testosterone and total estrogens response to exogenous GnRH in cross bred bulls with differing semen quality. Livestock Sci., 174: 150-153.
  15. Menegassi, S.R.O., Barcellos, J.O.J., Dias, E.A., Koetz, Jr. C., Pereira, C.R., Peripolli, V., Manus, C.M., Canozzi, M.E.A. and Lopes, F.G. (2015). Scrotal infrared digital thermography as a predictor of seasonal effects on sperm traits in Braford bulls. Int. J. Biometeorol., 59: 357-364.
  16. Pant, H.C., Sharma, R.K., Patel, S.H., Shukla, H.R., Mittal, A.K. and Kasiraj, R. (2003). Testicular development and its relationship to semen production in Murrah buffalo bulls. Theriogenology, 60: 27-34.
  17. Setchell, B.P. (2006). The effects of heat on the testes of mammals. Anim.Reprod, 3: 81-91.
  18. Sinha, R., Bhakat, M., Mohanty, T.K., Ranjan, A., Kumar, R., Lone, S.A., Rahim, A., Paray, A.R., Khosla K. and Danish, Z. (2018). Infrared thermography as non-invasive technique for early detection of mastitis in dairy animals -A review. Asian J. Dairy & Food Res., 37: 1-6.
  19. Sudheer, S. and Xavier, C.J. (2000). Disposal pattern of breeding bulls in Kerala. Indian J. Anim. Reprod., 211: 72-73.
  20. Yadav, S.K. (2016). Relationship of scrotal surface temperature and testicular biometry with semen quality of Murrah buffalo breeding bulls of North Arid to Semi-Arid Region. M.Sc. Thesis, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 11 (november 2019) : 1420-1424,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3682

    Use of scrotal infrared thermography and ultrasonography to understand thermoregulation of testis and sperm quality in Karan Fries breeding bull

    M
    Manish Kumar Kushwaha
    M
    Mukesh Bhakat
    T
    T.K. Mohanty
    R
    Raj Kumar
    R
    Ranjana Sinha
    A
    Abdul Rahim
    P
    Pawan Singh
    K
    Kavita Khosla
    N
    Nadeem Shah
    Z
    Ziaullah Danish
    1Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.
    Cite article:- Kushwaha Kumar Manish, Bhakat Mukesh, Mohanty T.K., Kumar Raj, Sinha Ranjana, Rahim Abdul, Singh Pawan, Khosla Kavita, Shah Nadeem, Danish Ziaullah (2019). Use of scrotal infrared thermography and ultrasonography to understand thermoregulation of testis and sperm quality in Karan Fries breeding bull. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(11): 1420-1424. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3682.

    ABSTRACT

    The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of testicular covering thickness, scrotal circumference and scrotal surface temperature gradient insert semen quality attributes of Karan Fries breeding bull. Six ejaculates were collected from each randomly selected bulls (n=15), and seminal quality attributes were evaluated during peak winter season. Same time scrotal surface temperature gradient (SSTG), the thickness of testicular covering (TTC) and scrotal circumference (SC) of individual bulls were recorded using DarviDTL007 infrared thermography camera, ultrasonography and measuring tape, respectively. Three groups were formed based on  SSTG (Group I- £ 4 ºC, Group II- 4.1 to 6.8 ºC and Group III- ³6.9 ºC), two groups based on  TTC (Group I- 3.03 to 4.85 and Group II- 4.86 to 7.03 mm) and SC (Group I- 32 to 35 and Group II- 36 to 41 cm). Ejaculate rejection rate (ERR) was significantly decreased with the increase of SSTG and SC. ERR was not affected with TTC. The increase of SSTG (from GroupI to Group III), mass activity and non-eosinophilic sperm count were significantly increased, and sperm abnormalities were significantly (p<0.01) decreased. Similarly, with the increase of SSTG and abnormalities were significantly (p<0.01) increased among different groups. Ejaculate volume and non-eosinophilic sperm count were significantly (p<0.01) increased with SC group I and group II. It can be concluded that scrotal surface temperature gradient was a better indicator of semen quality as compared to the thickness of testicular covering and bulls having a higher scrotal surface temperature gradient, scrotal circumference and lower thickness of testicular covering produced better quality semen.

    REFERENCES

    1. Arteaga, A. A., Soderquist, L., Persson, Y. and Barth, A.D. (2005). Comparison of electro ejaculation and trans rectal massage for semen collection in range and yearling feedlot beef bulls. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 87: 25-31.
    2. Barth, A.D. and Bowman, P.A. (1994). The sequential appearance of sperm abnormalities after scrotal insulation of dexamethasone treatment of bulls. Can. Vet. J., 34: 93-102.
    3. Bhakat, M., Mohanty, T., Gupta, A.K., Prasad, S., Chakravarty, A.K. and Khan, H.M. (2015). Effect of season on semen quality parameters in Murrah buffalo bulls. Buffalo Bull., 34: 100-112.
    4. Bitew, M. and Prasad, S. (2011). Study on major reproductive health problems in indigenous and cross breed cows in and around Bedelle. South West Ethiopia. J Ani Vet Adv.,10: 723-727.
    5. Brito, L.F.C., Silva, A.E.D., Barbosa, R.T. and Kastelic, J.P. (2004). Testicular thermoregulation in Bosindicus, crossbred and Bostaurusbulls: relationship with scrotal, testicular vascular cone and testicular morphology, and effects on semen quality and sperm production. Theriogenology, 61: 511-528.
    6. Coulter, G.H. (1988). Thermography of bull testes, 12th Technical Conference of Artificial Insemination and Reproduction. Columbia, SC: Nat. Ass. Anim. Breeders. pp. 58-63.
    7. Coulter, G.H. and Foote, R.H. (1979). Bovine testicular measurements as indicators of reproductive performance and their relationship to reproductive performance and their relationship to productive traits in cattle: A review. Theriogenology, 11: 297-311.
    8. Fernandes, C.E., Dode, M.A.N., Pereira, D. and Silva, A.E.D.F. (2008). Effects of scrotal insulation in Nellore bulls (Bos Taurus indicus) on seminal quality and its relationship with in vitro fertilizing ability. Theriogenology, 70: 1560-1568.
    9. Janet, L., Lloyd-Jones, R., Purohit, C., Boyle, M. and Shepherd, C. (2015). Use of Thermography for Functional Evaluation of Stallion Scrotum and Testes. J.Equine Vet. Sci., 35: 488-494.
    10. Kastelic, J.P. (2014). Understanding and evaluating bovine testes. Theriogenology, 81: 18-23.
    11. Kastelic, J.P., Cook, R.B., Pierson, R.A. and Coulter, G.H. (2001). Relationships among scrotal and testicular characteristics, sperm production and seminal quality in 129 beef bulls. Canad. J. Vet. Res., 65: 111-115.
    12. Kastelic, J.P., Coulter, G.H. and Cook, R.B. (1995). Scrotal surface, subcutaneous, intra testicular, and intra-epididymal temperatures in bulls. Theriogenology, 44: 147-152.
    13. Knights, S.A., Baker, R.L., Gianola, D. and Gibb, J.B. (1984). Estimates of heritabilities and of genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth and reproductive traits in yearling Angus bulls. J. Anim. Sci., 58: 887-893.
    14. Kumar, B.S.B., Pandita, S.P., Mallick S.R., Mohanty, T.K., Mandal, D.K. and Mili, B. (2015). Luteinizing hormone, testosterone and total estrogens response to exogenous GnRH in cross bred bulls with differing semen quality. Livestock Sci., 174: 150-153.
    15. Menegassi, S.R.O., Barcellos, J.O.J., Dias, E.A., Koetz, Jr. C., Pereira, C.R., Peripolli, V., Manus, C.M., Canozzi, M.E.A. and Lopes, F.G. (2015). Scrotal infrared digital thermography as a predictor of seasonal effects on sperm traits in Braford bulls. Int. J. Biometeorol., 59: 357-364.
    16. Pant, H.C., Sharma, R.K., Patel, S.H., Shukla, H.R., Mittal, A.K. and Kasiraj, R. (2003). Testicular development and its relationship to semen production in Murrah buffalo bulls. Theriogenology, 60: 27-34.
    17. Setchell, B.P. (2006). The effects of heat on the testes of mammals. Anim.Reprod, 3: 81-91.
    18. Sinha, R., Bhakat, M., Mohanty, T.K., Ranjan, A., Kumar, R., Lone, S.A., Rahim, A., Paray, A.R., Khosla K. and Danish, Z. (2018). Infrared thermography as non-invasive technique for early detection of mastitis in dairy animals -A review. Asian J. Dairy & Food Res., 37: 1-6.
    19. Sudheer, S. and Xavier, C.J. (2000). Disposal pattern of breeding bulls in Kerala. Indian J. Anim. Reprod., 211: 72-73.
    20. Yadav, S.K. (2016). Relationship of scrotal surface temperature and testicular biometry with semen quality of Murrah buffalo breeding bulls of North Arid to Semi-Arid Region. M.Sc. Thesis, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India. 
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