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Research Article

volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1389-1396,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3669

Digital infrared thermography as a tool to assess the effect of season, age and housing on seminal traits in Murrah bulls

M
Maneesh Kumar Ahirwar
M
M.A. Kataktalware
K
Kotresh Prasad
J
Jagish Kour Reen
D
Deepandita Barman
R
Ravi Prakash Pal
R
R.S. Deginal
N
N. Anand Kumar
D
Deepanshu Gupta
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Animal Physiology Division,&nbsp;ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.</div>
Cite article:- Ahirwar Kumar Maneesh, Kataktalware M.A., Prasad Kotresh, Reen Kour Jagish, Barman Deepandita, Pal Prakash Ravi, Deginal R.S., Kumar Anand N., Gupta Deepanshu (2019). Digital infrared thermography as a tool to assess the effect of season, age and housing on seminal traits in Murrah bulls. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1389-1396. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3669.

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the current experiment was to assess the seasonal variation on seminal attributes in 109 Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls using infrared thermography, maintained at commercial semen production stations with ideal nutrition and management conditions in Karnatka (south India). Data were collected on 6 ejaculates in three different seasons through  a year with different age groups of bulls. Infrared thermograms and data were collected using an infrared FLIR i5 camera and analyzed by Quick report 1.2 SP2 softwere to determine the temperature gradient (TG, difference between the PPT and DPT) scrotal surface and Ocular temperature. Immediately after semen collection by AV method. Semen evaluation were performed twice per season throughout the year. The ejaculates were subjected to general linear model (GLM) analysis to determine the effect of various non-genetic factors viz., season (summer, rainy and winter), age (<4, and >4 year), housing (group and individual housing) on semen quality attributes of Murrah bull. The overall least square mean volume (VOL), sperm concentration (SCON×10v /ml), initial motility (IM), percent live spermatozoa (LIVE), acrosome integrity (AI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), head abnormalities (HAN), midpiece abnormalities  (MPAN), tail abnormalities (TAN) in fresh semen whereas post-thaw motility (PTM), acrosome integrity (AIPT) and plasma membrane integrity in post-thawed semen (PMIPT) were 3.88±0.07 mL, 1041±14.64 million/mL, 64.62±0.50 %, 76.42±0.51 %, 66.56±0.48 %, 2.90±0.05 %, 3.35±0.05 %, 5.88±0.10 %, 68.39±0.47 %, 41.48±0.55 % and 61.66±0.47 %, respectively.The statistical analysis of variance revealed significant effect (P<0.05) of season on semen quality attributes viz., VOL, SCON, IM, PTM, LIVE, HAN, MPAN, TAN, AI, AIPT, PMI and PMIPT. Age had significant effect on  VOL, IM, LIVE, HAN, MPAN and  house on SCON, PTM, AIPT and PMIPT.Thus, it may be concluded that the summer season adversely affected the various bio - physical characteristics of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls. Rainy season was the most favourable season for good quality semen production and the winter season might be considered as the intermediate between the two extremes.

REFERENCES

  1. Ahirwar, M.K. Kataktalware, M.A. Ramesha, K.P. Pushpadass, H.A. Jeykumar, S. Revenasiddu, D. Kour, R.J. Nath, S. Nagaleekar, A.K. Nazar, S. (2017). Influence of season, age and management on scrotal thermal profile in Murrah bulls using scrotal infrared thermography. Int J Biometerol, 61:2119-2125
  2. Barth, A.D. and Waldner, C.L. (2002). Factors affecting breeding soundness classifi cation of beef bulls examined at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. Canadian Vet. J., 43: 274-284.
  3. Bhat, V. Honnappa, T.G. and Dubey, B.M. (2004). Seasonal effects on seminal attributes in Murrah bulls under Bangalore agroclimatic conditions. Indian J. Anim. Reprod., 25(1): 23-24.
  4. Bhosrekar, M.R. Purohit, J.R. Gokhale, S.B. and Mangurkar, B.R. (1992b). Effect of seasons on production performanceof surti buffalo bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 62(5): 443-447.
  5. Blom, E. (1950). A rapid staining method using eosin-nigrosin to distinguish between live and dead spermatozoa. Anim. Breeding Abs., 18: 1390.
  6. Chaudhary, K.C. and Gangwar, P.C. (1977). Seasonal variations in physico biochemical determinants of buffalo (Bos bubalis) semen and their relation to fertility. J. Agric. Sci. Camb., 89: 273-277.
  7. Correa, J.R. and Zavos, P.M. (1994). The hypoosmotic swelling test; its employment as an assay to evaluate the functional integrity of the frozen-thawed bovine sperm membrane. Theriogenology, 42: 351-360.
  8. Coulter, G.H and Kastelic, J.P. (1994). Testicular thermoregulation in bulls. Proc. 15th. Tech. Conf. Artific. Insem. Reprod., Milwaukee, WI. National Association of Animal Breeders, Columbia, MO, pp 1-14
  9. Gopalakrishna, T. and Rao, A.R. (1978). Semen characteristics in Murrah buffalo bulls as affected by different seasons. Indian Vet. J.,55: 216-221.
  10. Gupta, H.C. Naik, M.C.S. and Srivastava, R.K. (1978). Effect of age and season on certain characteristics of Surti buffalo bulls. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 31(3): 245-252.
  11. Hancock, J.L. (1951). A staining technique for the study of temperature shock in semen. Nature, 167: 323.
  12. Hancock, J.L. (1952). The morphology of bull spermatozoa. J. Exp. Biol., 29: 445-453.
  13. Januskauskas, A. Gil, J. Rodriguez-Martinez, H. Söderquist, L.and Lundeheim, N. (1995). Effects of a brief elevation of scrotal temperature Buffalo Bulletin (March 2015) Vol.34 No.1111 on the post-thaw viability of bull semen.Reprod. Domest. Anim., 30: 271-277.
  14. Javed, M. T. Khan, A. and Kausar, R. (2000). Effect of age and season on some semen parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. Veterinarski arhiv. 70(2): 83-94
  15. Kushwaha, N.S. Mukherjee, D.P. and P.Bhattacharya. (1955). Seasonal variations in reaction time and semen qualities of buffalo bulls. Indian J. Vet. Sci., 25: 317-328.
  16. Mandal, D.K. Nagpaul, P.K. and Gupta, A.K. (2000). Seasonal variation in seminal attributes and sexual behaviour of Murrah buffalo bulls. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 53: 278-283.
  17. Mandal, D.K. Tyagi, S.K. and Mathur, A.K. (2005).Semen production performance of Sahiwal bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 75(1): 17-19.
  18. Marai, I.F.M. El-Darawany, A.A. Fadiel, A. Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M. (2008). Reproductive performance traits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation in sheep. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 8:209–234
  19. NRC (National Research Council) (1971) A guide to environmental research on animals. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC Paim TP, Borges BO, Lima PMT, Gomes EF, Dallago BSL, Fadel R, Prajapati, K.B. (1995). The effect of exercise and feeding bypass protein on sexual behavior and seminal attribute in Mehsana buffalo.Ph.D. Thesis, NDRI Deemed University, Karnal, India. 
  20. Ravimurgan, T. Raman, K.S. and Thangaraju, P. (2003). Seasonal infl uences on the semen production traits of Murrah buffalo bulls.Indian Buffalo J., 1(2): 85-87.
  21. Schaefer, A. L. Cook, N. J. Church, J. S. Basarab, J. Perry, B. Miller, C. Tong, A.K.W. (2007). The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves. Res. Vet. Sci. 83 (3): 376–384.
  22. Schaefer, A. L. Jones, S. D. M. Murray, A. C. Sather, A. P. and Tong, A. K. W. (1989). Infrared thermography of pigs with known genotypes for stress susceptibility in relation to pork quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69:491–495
  23. Schaefer, A. L. Jones, S. D. M. Tong, A. K. W. and Vincent, B. C. (1988). The effects of fasting and transportation on beef cattle. 1. Acidbase-electrolyte balance and infrared heat loss of beef cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci., 20:15–24.
  24. Sengupta, B.P. Mishra, M.S. and Roy, A. (1963). Climatic environment and reproductive behaviours of buffaloes. 1. Effect of different    seasons on various seminal attributes. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 16: 150-165.
  25. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co.,New Delhi, India.Buffalo Bulletin (March 2015) Vol.34 No.1112.
  26. Stewart, M. Stafford, K. Dowling, S. Schaefer, A. Webster, J. (2008). Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic. Physiol. Behav. 93 (4), 789–797.
  27. Stewart, M. Webster, J. R. Schaefer, A. L. Cook, N. J. Scott, S. L. (2005). Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare. Animal Welfare. 14: 319–325.
  28. Tomar, N.S. S.C. Sharma, Pandey, R. and Desai, R.N. (1964). Sexual behaviour of bulls to estrous distribution in females. Indian Vet.J., 34: 108-115.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1389-1396,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3669

    Digital infrared thermography as a tool to assess the effect of season, age and housing on seminal traits in Murrah bulls

    M
    Maneesh Kumar Ahirwar
    M
    M.A. Kataktalware
    K
    Kotresh Prasad
    J
    Jagish Kour Reen
    D
    Deepandita Barman
    R
    Ravi Prakash Pal
    R
    R.S. Deginal
    N
    N. Anand Kumar
    D
    Deepanshu Gupta
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Animal Physiology Division,&nbsp;ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.</div>
    Cite article:- Ahirwar Kumar Maneesh, Kataktalware M.A., Prasad Kotresh, Reen Kour Jagish, Barman Deepandita, Pal Prakash Ravi, Deginal R.S., Kumar Anand N., Gupta Deepanshu (2019). Digital infrared thermography as a tool to assess the effect of season, age and housing on seminal traits in Murrah bulls. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1389-1396. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3669.

    ABSTRACT

    The main objective of the current experiment was to assess the seasonal variation on seminal attributes in 109 Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls using infrared thermography, maintained at commercial semen production stations with ideal nutrition and management conditions in Karnatka (south India). Data were collected on 6 ejaculates in three different seasons through  a year with different age groups of bulls. Infrared thermograms and data were collected using an infrared FLIR i5 camera and analyzed by Quick report 1.2 SP2 softwere to determine the temperature gradient (TG, difference between the PPT and DPT) scrotal surface and Ocular temperature. Immediately after semen collection by AV method. Semen evaluation were performed twice per season throughout the year. The ejaculates were subjected to general linear model (GLM) analysis to determine the effect of various non-genetic factors viz., season (summer, rainy and winter), age (<4, and >4 year), housing (group and individual housing) on semen quality attributes of Murrah bull. The overall least square mean volume (VOL), sperm concentration (SCON×10v /ml), initial motility (IM), percent live spermatozoa (LIVE), acrosome integrity (AI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), head abnormalities (HAN), midpiece abnormalities  (MPAN), tail abnormalities (TAN) in fresh semen whereas post-thaw motility (PTM), acrosome integrity (AIPT) and plasma membrane integrity in post-thawed semen (PMIPT) were 3.88±0.07 mL, 1041±14.64 million/mL, 64.62±0.50 %, 76.42±0.51 %, 66.56±0.48 %, 2.90±0.05 %, 3.35±0.05 %, 5.88±0.10 %, 68.39±0.47 %, 41.48±0.55 % and 61.66±0.47 %, respectively.The statistical analysis of variance revealed significant effect (P<0.05) of season on semen quality attributes viz., VOL, SCON, IM, PTM, LIVE, HAN, MPAN, TAN, AI, AIPT, PMI and PMIPT. Age had significant effect on  VOL, IM, LIVE, HAN, MPAN and  house on SCON, PTM, AIPT and PMIPT.Thus, it may be concluded that the summer season adversely affected the various bio - physical characteristics of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls. Rainy season was the most favourable season for good quality semen production and the winter season might be considered as the intermediate between the two extremes.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ahirwar, M.K. Kataktalware, M.A. Ramesha, K.P. Pushpadass, H.A. Jeykumar, S. Revenasiddu, D. Kour, R.J. Nath, S. Nagaleekar, A.K. Nazar, S. (2017). Influence of season, age and management on scrotal thermal profile in Murrah bulls using scrotal infrared thermography. Int J Biometerol, 61:2119-2125
    2. Barth, A.D. and Waldner, C.L. (2002). Factors affecting breeding soundness classifi cation of beef bulls examined at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. Canadian Vet. J., 43: 274-284.
    3. Bhat, V. Honnappa, T.G. and Dubey, B.M. (2004). Seasonal effects on seminal attributes in Murrah bulls under Bangalore agroclimatic conditions. Indian J. Anim. Reprod., 25(1): 23-24.
    4. Bhosrekar, M.R. Purohit, J.R. Gokhale, S.B. and Mangurkar, B.R. (1992b). Effect of seasons on production performanceof surti buffalo bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 62(5): 443-447.
    5. Blom, E. (1950). A rapid staining method using eosin-nigrosin to distinguish between live and dead spermatozoa. Anim. Breeding Abs., 18: 1390.
    6. Chaudhary, K.C. and Gangwar, P.C. (1977). Seasonal variations in physico biochemical determinants of buffalo (Bos bubalis) semen and their relation to fertility. J. Agric. Sci. Camb., 89: 273-277.
    7. Correa, J.R. and Zavos, P.M. (1994). The hypoosmotic swelling test; its employment as an assay to evaluate the functional integrity of the frozen-thawed bovine sperm membrane. Theriogenology, 42: 351-360.
    8. Coulter, G.H and Kastelic, J.P. (1994). Testicular thermoregulation in bulls. Proc. 15th. Tech. Conf. Artific. Insem. Reprod., Milwaukee, WI. National Association of Animal Breeders, Columbia, MO, pp 1-14
    9. Gopalakrishna, T. and Rao, A.R. (1978). Semen characteristics in Murrah buffalo bulls as affected by different seasons. Indian Vet. J.,55: 216-221.
    10. Gupta, H.C. Naik, M.C.S. and Srivastava, R.K. (1978). Effect of age and season on certain characteristics of Surti buffalo bulls. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 31(3): 245-252.
    11. Hancock, J.L. (1951). A staining technique for the study of temperature shock in semen. Nature, 167: 323.
    12. Hancock, J.L. (1952). The morphology of bull spermatozoa. J. Exp. Biol., 29: 445-453.
    13. Januskauskas, A. Gil, J. Rodriguez-Martinez, H. Söderquist, L.and Lundeheim, N. (1995). Effects of a brief elevation of scrotal temperature Buffalo Bulletin (March 2015) Vol.34 No.1111 on the post-thaw viability of bull semen.Reprod. Domest. Anim., 30: 271-277.
    14. Javed, M. T. Khan, A. and Kausar, R. (2000). Effect of age and season on some semen parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. Veterinarski arhiv. 70(2): 83-94
    15. Kushwaha, N.S. Mukherjee, D.P. and P.Bhattacharya. (1955). Seasonal variations in reaction time and semen qualities of buffalo bulls. Indian J. Vet. Sci., 25: 317-328.
    16. Mandal, D.K. Nagpaul, P.K. and Gupta, A.K. (2000). Seasonal variation in seminal attributes and sexual behaviour of Murrah buffalo bulls. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 53: 278-283.
    17. Mandal, D.K. Tyagi, S.K. and Mathur, A.K. (2005).Semen production performance of Sahiwal bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 75(1): 17-19.
    18. Marai, I.F.M. El-Darawany, A.A. Fadiel, A. Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M. (2008). Reproductive performance traits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation in sheep. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 8:209–234
    19. NRC (National Research Council) (1971) A guide to environmental research on animals. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC Paim TP, Borges BO, Lima PMT, Gomes EF, Dallago BSL, Fadel R, Prajapati, K.B. (1995). The effect of exercise and feeding bypass protein on sexual behavior and seminal attribute in Mehsana buffalo.Ph.D. Thesis, NDRI Deemed University, Karnal, India. 
    20. Ravimurgan, T. Raman, K.S. and Thangaraju, P. (2003). Seasonal infl uences on the semen production traits of Murrah buffalo bulls.Indian Buffalo J., 1(2): 85-87.
    21. Schaefer, A. L. Cook, N. J. Church, J. S. Basarab, J. Perry, B. Miller, C. Tong, A.K.W. (2007). The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves. Res. Vet. Sci. 83 (3): 376–384.
    22. Schaefer, A. L. Jones, S. D. M. Murray, A. C. Sather, A. P. and Tong, A. K. W. (1989). Infrared thermography of pigs with known genotypes for stress susceptibility in relation to pork quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69:491–495
    23. Schaefer, A. L. Jones, S. D. M. Tong, A. K. W. and Vincent, B. C. (1988). The effects of fasting and transportation on beef cattle. 1. Acidbase-electrolyte balance and infrared heat loss of beef cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci., 20:15–24.
    24. Sengupta, B.P. Mishra, M.S. and Roy, A. (1963). Climatic environment and reproductive behaviours of buffaloes. 1. Effect of different    seasons on various seminal attributes. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 16: 150-165.
    25. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co.,New Delhi, India.Buffalo Bulletin (March 2015) Vol.34 No.1112.
    26. Stewart, M. Stafford, K. Dowling, S. Schaefer, A. Webster, J. (2008). Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic. Physiol. Behav. 93 (4), 789–797.
    27. Stewart, M. Webster, J. R. Schaefer, A. L. Cook, N. J. Scott, S. L. (2005). Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare. Animal Welfare. 14: 319–325.
    28. Tomar, N.S. S.C. Sharma, Pandey, R. and Desai, R.N. (1964). Sexual behaviour of bulls to estrous distribution in females. Indian Vet.J., 34: 108-115.
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