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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1372-1376,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3666

Low dose metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam for the management of canine mammary neoplasms

C
C. Sowbharenya
S
S. Dharmaceelan
M
M. Subramanian
A
A. Kumaresan
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Namakkal&ndash; 637 001, Tamil Nadu, India.</div>
Cite article:- Sowbharenya C., Dharmaceelan S., Subramanian M., Kumaresan A. (2018). Low dose metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam for the management of canine mammary neoplasms. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1372-1376. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3666.

ABSTRACT

A clinical research was undertaken to evaluate the effect of low dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy in 18 clinical cases of canine mammary neoplasms (CMN). The cases were randomly divided into three groups each consisting of six animals. Group I was subjected to LDM therapy with cyclophosphamide @ 10 mg/m2 and piroxicam @ 0.3 mg/kg per os for a period of eight weeks pre operatively on alternate days. Group II was subjected to mere surgical excision alone. Group III was subjected to LDM therapy from 10th day following tumour excision for a period of eight weeks as in group I. Effect of LDM therapy was evaluated based on regression of tumour size and the disease free interval. The haematological and biochemical values were evaluated. Among the three groups, Group I showed progressive regression in the disease free interval improving the quality of life.

REFERENCES

  1. Brearly, M.J. (1989) Mammary gland tumours in the dog. In pract., 11: 248-253.
  2. Elmslie, R.E., Glawe, P. and Dow, S.W. (2008) Metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam effectively delays tumor recurrence in dogs with incompletely resected soft tissue sarcomas. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 22: 1373-1379.
  3. Gupta, P., Raghunath, M., Gupta, A.K., Sharma, A. and Kour, K. (2014) Clinical study for diagnosis and treatment of canine mammary neoplasms (CMNs) using different modalities. Indian J. Anim. Res., 48: 45-49.
  4. Jain, V. and Raghunath, M. (2007) simon of combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for management of canine mammary neoplasms. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 28: 94-97.
  5. Leo, C., Stell, A., Borrego, J., Merlo, E.M., Ruess-Melzer, K. and Lara-Garcia, A. (2014) Evaluation of low-dose metronomic (LDM) cyclophosphamide toxicity in cats with malignant neoplasia. J. Feline Med. Surg., 20(10):1-8.
  6. Loven, D., Hasnis, E., Bertolini, F. and Shaked, Y. (2013) Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy: from past experience to new paradigms in the treatment of cancer. Drug Discov. Today, 18: 193-201.
  7. Narayanan, N.I. (2010) Immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgical excision of canine mammary gland carcinoma. M.V.Sc., thesis. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
  8. Pierini, A., Bocci, G., Giorgi, M., Owen, H. and Marchetti, V. (2012) From humans to dogs and back: The translational lesson of metronomic chemotherapy. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 7: 198-212.
  9. Riley J H and Riley M G I. (1982). Metastatic mammary carcinoma treated with cytotoxic drugs. Vet. Rec., 111: 8-11.
  10. Simon, D., Schoenrock, D., Nolte, I., Baumgartner, W., Barron, R. and Mischke, R. (2009) Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates from mammary gland tumours in the dog: diagnostic accuracy with comparison to histopathology and association with postoperative outcome. Vet. Clin. Pathol., 38: 521-528.
  11. Sivashankar, R. (2003) Evaluation of surgical margins for the excision of mammary tumors in dogs. M.V.Sc., thesis. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
  12. Sleeckx, N., de Rooster, H., Veldhuis Kroeze, E.J.B., Van Ginneken, C. and Van Brantegem, L. (2011) Canine mammary tumours, an overview. Reprod. Dom. Anim., 46: 1112-1131.
  13. Snedecor, G.M. and Cochran,W.C. (1994). Statistical Methods. 9th edn., Oxford and IBM Publishing Company, Mumbai, India.
  14. Veena, P. and Kumar, R.V.S. (2014) Chemo-surgical management of canine mammary tumour. Indian Vet. J., 91: 54-57.
  15. Warry, E., Hansen, R.J., Gustafson, D.L. and Lana, S.E. (2011) Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide after oral and intravenous administration to dogs with lymphoma. J. Vet. Intern Med., 25: 903-908. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1372-1376,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3666

    Low dose metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam for the management of canine mammary neoplasms

    C
    C. Sowbharenya
    S
    S. Dharmaceelan
    M
    M. Subramanian
    A
    A. Kumaresan
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Namakkal&ndash; 637 001, Tamil Nadu, India.</div>
    Cite article:- Sowbharenya C., Dharmaceelan S., Subramanian M., Kumaresan A. (2018). Low dose metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam for the management of canine mammary neoplasms. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1372-1376. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3666.

    ABSTRACT

    A clinical research was undertaken to evaluate the effect of low dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy in 18 clinical cases of canine mammary neoplasms (CMN). The cases were randomly divided into three groups each consisting of six animals. Group I was subjected to LDM therapy with cyclophosphamide @ 10 mg/m2 and piroxicam @ 0.3 mg/kg per os for a period of eight weeks pre operatively on alternate days. Group II was subjected to mere surgical excision alone. Group III was subjected to LDM therapy from 10th day following tumour excision for a period of eight weeks as in group I. Effect of LDM therapy was evaluated based on regression of tumour size and the disease free interval. The haematological and biochemical values were evaluated. Among the three groups, Group I showed progressive regression in the disease free interval improving the quality of life.

    REFERENCES

    1. Brearly, M.J. (1989) Mammary gland tumours in the dog. In pract., 11: 248-253.
    2. Elmslie, R.E., Glawe, P. and Dow, S.W. (2008) Metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam effectively delays tumor recurrence in dogs with incompletely resected soft tissue sarcomas. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 22: 1373-1379.
    3. Gupta, P., Raghunath, M., Gupta, A.K., Sharma, A. and Kour, K. (2014) Clinical study for diagnosis and treatment of canine mammary neoplasms (CMNs) using different modalities. Indian J. Anim. Res., 48: 45-49.
    4. Jain, V. and Raghunath, M. (2007) simon of combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for management of canine mammary neoplasms. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 28: 94-97.
    5. Leo, C., Stell, A., Borrego, J., Merlo, E.M., Ruess-Melzer, K. and Lara-Garcia, A. (2014) Evaluation of low-dose metronomic (LDM) cyclophosphamide toxicity in cats with malignant neoplasia. J. Feline Med. Surg., 20(10):1-8.
    6. Loven, D., Hasnis, E., Bertolini, F. and Shaked, Y. (2013) Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy: from past experience to new paradigms in the treatment of cancer. Drug Discov. Today, 18: 193-201.
    7. Narayanan, N.I. (2010) Immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgical excision of canine mammary gland carcinoma. M.V.Sc., thesis. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
    8. Pierini, A., Bocci, G., Giorgi, M., Owen, H. and Marchetti, V. (2012) From humans to dogs and back: The translational lesson of metronomic chemotherapy. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 7: 198-212.
    9. Riley J H and Riley M G I. (1982). Metastatic mammary carcinoma treated with cytotoxic drugs. Vet. Rec., 111: 8-11.
    10. Simon, D., Schoenrock, D., Nolte, I., Baumgartner, W., Barron, R. and Mischke, R. (2009) Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates from mammary gland tumours in the dog: diagnostic accuracy with comparison to histopathology and association with postoperative outcome. Vet. Clin. Pathol., 38: 521-528.
    11. Sivashankar, R. (2003) Evaluation of surgical margins for the excision of mammary tumors in dogs. M.V.Sc., thesis. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
    12. Sleeckx, N., de Rooster, H., Veldhuis Kroeze, E.J.B., Van Ginneken, C. and Van Brantegem, L. (2011) Canine mammary tumours, an overview. Reprod. Dom. Anim., 46: 1112-1131.
    13. Snedecor, G.M. and Cochran,W.C. (1994). Statistical Methods. 9th edn., Oxford and IBM Publishing Company, Mumbai, India.
    14. Veena, P. and Kumar, R.V.S. (2014) Chemo-surgical management of canine mammary tumour. Indian Vet. J., 91: 54-57.
    15. Warry, E., Hansen, R.J., Gustafson, D.L. and Lana, S.E. (2011) Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide after oral and intravenous administration to dogs with lymphoma. J. Vet. Intern Med., 25: 903-908. 
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