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Research Article

volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1400-1402,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3663

In vitro evaluation of effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids against brown dog tick 

K
K.P. Shyma
V
Veer Singh
J
Jay Prakash Gupta
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar &ndash;385 506, Gujarat, India.</div>
Cite article:- Shyma K.P., Singh Veer, Gupta Prakash Jay (2018). In vitro evaluation of effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids against brown dog tick. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1400-1402. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3663.

ABSTRACT

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is one of the most cosmopolitan ixodid ticks of veterinary and public health importance. The domestic dog is the main host of R. sanguineus, but occasionally, can infest a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, including humans. It causes debilitating effects due to blood losses in affected animals and also transmits several pathogens such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Haemobartonella canis and Hepatozoon canis. Engorged female R. sanguineus kept for oviposition. Hatched larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were subjected to larval packet test (LPT) to know its efficacy against deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The LC50 and LC95 concentrations were calculated by plotting regression curve of mortality against different concentrations of acaricides. A dose dependent increase in larval mortality was observed for both cypermethrin and deltamethrin. LC50 and LC95 for both deltamethrin and cypermethrin are calculated to be 9.59, 75.87 and 7.08, 219.85, respectively. The results indicated that R. sanguineus ticks were susceptible for cypermethrin, having high percentage mortality at the recommended concentration (200 ppm). However, deltamethrin produced a lower level of mortality at its market recommended dose (25 ppm). 

REFERENCES

  1. Borges, L.M.F., Soares, S.F., Fonseca, I.N., Chaves, V.V., Louly, C.C.B. (2007). Resistencia acaricidaemlarvas de Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) de Goiânia-GO. Revista de Patología Tropical, 36: 87–95.
  2. Coles, T.B., and Dryden, M.W. (2014). Insecticide/acaricide resistance in fleas and ticks infesting dogs and cats. Parasites & Vectors. 7: 8. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-8.
  3. Ducornez, S., Barré, N., Miller, R.J., de Garine-Wichatitsky, M. (2005). Diagnosis of amitraz resistance in Boophilus microplus in New Caledonia with the modified Larval Packet Test. Veterinary Parasitology, 130: 285-292.
  4. Évora, P.M., Sanches, G.S., Jusi M.M.G., Alves, L.B.R., Machado, R.Z., Bechara, G.H. (2015). Lack of acquired resistance in dogs to successive infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from Brazil and Argentina. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 67: 135-146.
  5. FAO. (1971). Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides –tentative method for larvae of cattle ticks, Boophilus spp. FAO method No. 7. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 19: 15.
  6. Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit Analysis. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
  7. Geeverghese, G. (2000). Taxonomic features and biology of Ixodid and Argasid ticks of veterinary and medical importance. NTP organized by CAS, Bangalore.
  8. Jonsson, N.N., Mayer, D.G., Green, P.E. (2000). Possible risk factors on Queensland dairy farms for acaricide resistance in cattle tick (Boophilus microplus). Veterinary Parasitology, 88: 79-92.
  9. Kumar, R., Nagar, G., Sharma, A.K., Kumar, S., Ray, D.D., Chaudhuri, P., Ghosh, S. (2013). Survey of pyrethroids resistance in Indian isolates of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: identiûcation of C190A mutation in the domain II of the para-sodium channel gene. Acta Tropica, 125: 237–245.
  10. Mathivathani, C., Basith, S.A., Latha, B.R., Raj, G.D. (2011). In vitro evaluation of synthetic pyrethroid resistance in Rhipicephalussanguineus    ticks of Chennai, Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 25: 56–58.
  11. Mencke, N., Volf, P., Volfova, V., Stanneck, D. (2003). Repellent efficacy of a combination containing imidacloprid and permethrin against sand flies (Phlebotomus papatasi) in dogs. Parasitology Research, 90: S108-S111. 
  12. Miller, R.J., George, J.E., Guerrero, F., Carpenter, L., Welch, J.B. (2001). Characterization of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalussanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from the Corozal Army Veterinary Quarantine Center, Panama. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38: 298–302.
  13. Murtazul, H., Muhammad, A., Ghulam, M., Muhammad, N.K., Manzoor, H. (2012). Prevalence of tick infeststion (Rhiphicephalus sanguineus, and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicumin dogs in Punjab, Pakistan. Veterinaria Italiana, 48: 95-98.
  14. Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Ojeda-Chi. M.M., Trinidad-Martinez, I., Bolio-González, M.E. (2017). First report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensulato infesting dogs in Mexico. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 31: 72-77. 
  15. Sen, S.K. and Fletcher, T.B. (1962). Veterinary Entomology and Acarology for India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, p 668.
  16. Sharma, A.K., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Nagar, G., Singh, N.K., Rawat, S.S., Dhakad, M.L. (2012). Deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of India. Veterinary Parasitology, 188: 337–45.
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1400-1402,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3663

    In vitro evaluation of effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids against brown dog tick 

    K
    K.P. Shyma
    V
    Veer Singh
    J
    Jay Prakash Gupta
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar &ndash;385 506, Gujarat, India.</div>
    Cite article:- Shyma K.P., Singh Veer, Gupta Prakash Jay (2018). In vitro evaluation of effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids against brown dog tick. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1400-1402. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3663.

    ABSTRACT

    Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is one of the most cosmopolitan ixodid ticks of veterinary and public health importance. The domestic dog is the main host of R. sanguineus, but occasionally, can infest a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, including humans. It causes debilitating effects due to blood losses in affected animals and also transmits several pathogens such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Haemobartonella canis and Hepatozoon canis. Engorged female R. sanguineus kept for oviposition. Hatched larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were subjected to larval packet test (LPT) to know its efficacy against deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The LC50 and LC95 concentrations were calculated by plotting regression curve of mortality against different concentrations of acaricides. A dose dependent increase in larval mortality was observed for both cypermethrin and deltamethrin. LC50 and LC95 for both deltamethrin and cypermethrin are calculated to be 9.59, 75.87 and 7.08, 219.85, respectively. The results indicated that R. sanguineus ticks were susceptible for cypermethrin, having high percentage mortality at the recommended concentration (200 ppm). However, deltamethrin produced a lower level of mortality at its market recommended dose (25 ppm). 

    REFERENCES

    1. Borges, L.M.F., Soares, S.F., Fonseca, I.N., Chaves, V.V., Louly, C.C.B. (2007). Resistencia acaricidaemlarvas de Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) de Goiânia-GO. Revista de Patología Tropical, 36: 87–95.
    2. Coles, T.B., and Dryden, M.W. (2014). Insecticide/acaricide resistance in fleas and ticks infesting dogs and cats. Parasites & Vectors. 7: 8. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-8.
    3. Ducornez, S., Barré, N., Miller, R.J., de Garine-Wichatitsky, M. (2005). Diagnosis of amitraz resistance in Boophilus microplus in New Caledonia with the modified Larval Packet Test. Veterinary Parasitology, 130: 285-292.
    4. Évora, P.M., Sanches, G.S., Jusi M.M.G., Alves, L.B.R., Machado, R.Z., Bechara, G.H. (2015). Lack of acquired resistance in dogs to successive infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from Brazil and Argentina. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 67: 135-146.
    5. FAO. (1971). Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides –tentative method for larvae of cattle ticks, Boophilus spp. FAO method No. 7. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 19: 15.
    6. Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit Analysis. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    7. Geeverghese, G. (2000). Taxonomic features and biology of Ixodid and Argasid ticks of veterinary and medical importance. NTP organized by CAS, Bangalore.
    8. Jonsson, N.N., Mayer, D.G., Green, P.E. (2000). Possible risk factors on Queensland dairy farms for acaricide resistance in cattle tick (Boophilus microplus). Veterinary Parasitology, 88: 79-92.
    9. Kumar, R., Nagar, G., Sharma, A.K., Kumar, S., Ray, D.D., Chaudhuri, P., Ghosh, S. (2013). Survey of pyrethroids resistance in Indian isolates of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: identiûcation of C190A mutation in the domain II of the para-sodium channel gene. Acta Tropica, 125: 237–245.
    10. Mathivathani, C., Basith, S.A., Latha, B.R., Raj, G.D. (2011). In vitro evaluation of synthetic pyrethroid resistance in Rhipicephalussanguineus    ticks of Chennai, Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 25: 56–58.
    11. Mencke, N., Volf, P., Volfova, V., Stanneck, D. (2003). Repellent efficacy of a combination containing imidacloprid and permethrin against sand flies (Phlebotomus papatasi) in dogs. Parasitology Research, 90: S108-S111. 
    12. Miller, R.J., George, J.E., Guerrero, F., Carpenter, L., Welch, J.B. (2001). Characterization of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalussanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from the Corozal Army Veterinary Quarantine Center, Panama. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38: 298–302.
    13. Murtazul, H., Muhammad, A., Ghulam, M., Muhammad, N.K., Manzoor, H. (2012). Prevalence of tick infeststion (Rhiphicephalus sanguineus, and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicumin dogs in Punjab, Pakistan. Veterinaria Italiana, 48: 95-98.
    14. Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Ojeda-Chi. M.M., Trinidad-Martinez, I., Bolio-González, M.E. (2017). First report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensulato infesting dogs in Mexico. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 31: 72-77. 
    15. Sen, S.K. and Fletcher, T.B. (1962). Veterinary Entomology and Acarology for India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, p 668.
    16. Sharma, A.K., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Nagar, G., Singh, N.K., Rawat, S.S., Dhakad, M.L. (2012). Deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of India. Veterinary Parasitology, 188: 337–45.
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