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Research Article

volume 53 issue 6 (june 2019) : 756-761,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3581

Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions

E
E. Lokesha
B
Bandla Srinivas
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Dairy Production Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, SRS, Bangalore-560 030, Karnataka, India.</div>
Cite article:- Lokesha E., Srinivas Bandla (2018). Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(6): 756-761. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3581.

ABSTRACT

The Study was conducted to evaluate the additive effect of selected feed additives (Glycerol, a mixture of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE), a mixture of probiotics and rumen protected methionine (RPM) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The optimum dose of pre-mixture of feed additives (PFA) was evaluated by in vitro gas production technique in two stages. The marginal increase in Y-max and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) for each incremental increase in PFA was compared graphically and it was found to be 1.7 %. In in vivo trial, 12 crossbred HF cows were equally divided into 3 groups based on milk yield and average days in lactation. The optimized dose of PFA was added to the concentrate supplements without (T1) or with buffer (T2), control group (CG) was fed with the basal diet (roughage: concentrate ratio of 60:40). Results indicated that PFA with or without buffer had no significant effect on nutrient intake and digestibility. Fat corrected milk yield (FCM), milk fat, total solids (TS) and milk protein were significantly (P<0.01) increased in TGs than that of CG. From the results, it may be concluded that optimized PFA had an additive effect on milk production efficiency but not on nutrient intake and digestibility. Further, different groups of feed additives can be evaluated for additive effect, which may pave the way for commercial product preparation. 

REFERENCES

  1. Alsersy, H., Salem, A.Z.M., Borhami, B.E., Olivares, J., Gado, H.M., El-Adawy, M., Hernandez, S.R. (2015). Effect ofMediterranean saltbush ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Animal Science Journal, 86:51-58.
  2. Amrutkar, S.A., Pawar, S.P., Thakur, S.S., Kewalramani. J.K., Mahesh, M.S. (2015). Dietary Supplementation of rumen-protected methionine, lysine and choline improves lactation performance and blood metabolic profile of Karan-Fries cows. Agriculture Research, 15:17-22.
  3. AOAC, (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 18thEdn. Washington, DC.
  4. ARC, (1980).The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.
  5. Bala, B., Malik, R., Bandla, S. (2009). Effect of fortifying concentrate supplement with fibrolytic enzymes on nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in goats. Animal Science Journal, 80:265-272.
  6. Bodarski, R., Wertelecki, T., Bommer, F., Gosiewski, S. (2005). The changes of metabolic status and lactation performance in dairy cows under feeding TMR with glycerin supplement at periparturient period. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Animal. Husbandry, 8:22-30.
  7. Boyd, J., West, J.W., Bernard, J.K. (2011). Effects of the addition of direct fed microbials and glycerol to the diet of lactating dairy cows on milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science, 94:4616-4622.
  8. Callaway, E.S. and Martin, S.A. (1997). Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose. Journal of Dairy Science, 80:2035-2044.
  9. Chung, Y.H., Rico, D.E., Martinez, C.M., Cassidy, T.W., Noirot, V., Ames, A., Varga, G.A. (2007). Effects of feeding dry glycerin to early postpartum Holstein dairy cows on lactational performance and metabolic profiles. Journal of Dairy Science, 90:5682-5691.
  10. Das, M.N. and Giri, N.C. (1991). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
  11. Dobicki, A., Pres, J., Zachwieja, A., Kwaœnicki, R. (2006). Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparations in the feeding of cows and their effect on milk yield and composition. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 9:48-53.
  12. Doepel, L. and Hayirli, A. (2011). Exclusion of dietary sodium bicarbonate from a wheat-based diet: Effects on milk production and ruminal fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 94:370-375.
  13. Gado, H.M., Salem, A.Z.M., Robinson, P.H., Hassan, M. (2009). Influence of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk production and composition in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154:34-36.
  14. Giraldo, L.A., Tejido, M.L., Ranilla, M.J., Carro, M.D. (2008). Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro ruminal fermentation of substrates with different forage: concentrate ratios. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 141:306-325.
  15. Groesbeck, C.N., Mckinney, L.J., Derouchey, J.M. (2008). Effect of crude glycerol on pellet mill production and nursery pig growth performance. Journal of Animal Science, 86:2228-2236.
  16. Hosam, H.T., Saleh, I.A., Mufeed, A.A. (2013). Effect of protected methionine supplementation on milk production and reproduction in first calf heifers. Archive Tierzucht, 56:225-236.
  17. Hutjen, M.F. (1991). Feed additives. Veterinary Clinics North America. Food Animal Practice, 7:525-535.
  18. ICAR. (2013). Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, New Delhi, India.
  19. Lewis, K., Tzilivakis, J., Green, A., Warner, D., Stedman, A. (2013). Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effects on the environment: Mode of action and assessment of efficacy. EFSA supporting publication, EN-440.
  20. Lokesha, E., Dhinesh, K.R., Srinivas. B. (2017). Effect of feed additives on in vitro fermentation kinetics and substrate utilization with and without buffer. Applied Biological Research, 19:56-62. 
  21. Longuski, R.A., Ying, Y., Allen, M.S. (2009). Yeast culture supplementation prevented milk fat depression by a short-term dietary challenge with fermentable starch. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:160-167.
  22. Malik, R. and Srinivas, B. (2010). Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on feed efficiency and growth of male buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42:1263-1269.
  23. Salem, A.Z.M., Gado, H.M., Colombatto, D., Eghandour, M.M.Y. (2013). Effect of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in beef steers. Livestock Science, 154:69-73.
  24. Shin, J.H., Wang, D., Kim, S.C., Adesogan, A.T., Staples, C.R. (2012). Effects of feeding crude glycerin on performance and ruminal kinetics of lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95:4006-4016.
  25. Silva, L.S., Leilson, R.B., Aderbal, M.A.S., Heloisa, C., Milena, N.M., Ronaldo, L.O. (2015). In vitro degradation and gas production of glycerin generated in the biodiesel production chain. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences Maringa, 37:265-272.
  26. Srinivas, B. and Srinath, M. (2015) Impact of dual organism probiotics supplement on intake and milk yield during early, mid and late lactation in cows. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 86:104-107.
  27. Tarek, A.M., Ahmed, E.K., Sobhy, M.K., Abdelkader, M.K., Abdelfattah, Z.M.S. (2015). Effects of two enzyme feed additives on digestion and milk production in lactating Egyptian buffaloes. Annals of Animal Science, 89:97-103.
  28. Titi, H.H. (2003). Evaluation of feeding a fibrolytic enzyme to lactating dairy cows on their lactation performance. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 5:677-684.
  29. Wang, C., Liu, Q., Huo, W.J., Yang, W.Z., Dong, K.H., Huang, Y.X., Guo, G. (2009). Effects of glycerol on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers. Livestock Science, 121:15-20. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 6 (june 2019) : 756-761,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3581

    Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions

    E
    E. Lokesha
    B
    Bandla Srinivas
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Dairy Production Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, SRS, Bangalore-560 030, Karnataka, India.</div>
    Cite article:- Lokesha E., Srinivas Bandla (2018). Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(6): 756-761. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3581.

    ABSTRACT

    The Study was conducted to evaluate the additive effect of selected feed additives (Glycerol, a mixture of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE), a mixture of probiotics and rumen protected methionine (RPM) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The optimum dose of pre-mixture of feed additives (PFA) was evaluated by in vitro gas production technique in two stages. The marginal increase in Y-max and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) for each incremental increase in PFA was compared graphically and it was found to be 1.7 %. In in vivo trial, 12 crossbred HF cows were equally divided into 3 groups based on milk yield and average days in lactation. The optimized dose of PFA was added to the concentrate supplements without (T1) or with buffer (T2), control group (CG) was fed with the basal diet (roughage: concentrate ratio of 60:40). Results indicated that PFA with or without buffer had no significant effect on nutrient intake and digestibility. Fat corrected milk yield (FCM), milk fat, total solids (TS) and milk protein were significantly (P<0.01) increased in TGs than that of CG. From the results, it may be concluded that optimized PFA had an additive effect on milk production efficiency but not on nutrient intake and digestibility. Further, different groups of feed additives can be evaluated for additive effect, which may pave the way for commercial product preparation. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Alsersy, H., Salem, A.Z.M., Borhami, B.E., Olivares, J., Gado, H.M., El-Adawy, M., Hernandez, S.R. (2015). Effect ofMediterranean saltbush ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Animal Science Journal, 86:51-58.
    2. Amrutkar, S.A., Pawar, S.P., Thakur, S.S., Kewalramani. J.K., Mahesh, M.S. (2015). Dietary Supplementation of rumen-protected methionine, lysine and choline improves lactation performance and blood metabolic profile of Karan-Fries cows. Agriculture Research, 15:17-22.
    3. AOAC, (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 18thEdn. Washington, DC.
    4. ARC, (1980).The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.
    5. Bala, B., Malik, R., Bandla, S. (2009). Effect of fortifying concentrate supplement with fibrolytic enzymes on nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in goats. Animal Science Journal, 80:265-272.
    6. Bodarski, R., Wertelecki, T., Bommer, F., Gosiewski, S. (2005). The changes of metabolic status and lactation performance in dairy cows under feeding TMR with glycerin supplement at periparturient period. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Animal. Husbandry, 8:22-30.
    7. Boyd, J., West, J.W., Bernard, J.K. (2011). Effects of the addition of direct fed microbials and glycerol to the diet of lactating dairy cows on milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science, 94:4616-4622.
    8. Callaway, E.S. and Martin, S.A. (1997). Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose. Journal of Dairy Science, 80:2035-2044.
    9. Chung, Y.H., Rico, D.E., Martinez, C.M., Cassidy, T.W., Noirot, V., Ames, A., Varga, G.A. (2007). Effects of feeding dry glycerin to early postpartum Holstein dairy cows on lactational performance and metabolic profiles. Journal of Dairy Science, 90:5682-5691.
    10. Das, M.N. and Giri, N.C. (1991). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
    11. Dobicki, A., Pres, J., Zachwieja, A., Kwaœnicki, R. (2006). Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparations in the feeding of cows and their effect on milk yield and composition. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 9:48-53.
    12. Doepel, L. and Hayirli, A. (2011). Exclusion of dietary sodium bicarbonate from a wheat-based diet: Effects on milk production and ruminal fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 94:370-375.
    13. Gado, H.M., Salem, A.Z.M., Robinson, P.H., Hassan, M. (2009). Influence of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk production and composition in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154:34-36.
    14. Giraldo, L.A., Tejido, M.L., Ranilla, M.J., Carro, M.D. (2008). Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro ruminal fermentation of substrates with different forage: concentrate ratios. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 141:306-325.
    15. Groesbeck, C.N., Mckinney, L.J., Derouchey, J.M. (2008). Effect of crude glycerol on pellet mill production and nursery pig growth performance. Journal of Animal Science, 86:2228-2236.
    16. Hosam, H.T., Saleh, I.A., Mufeed, A.A. (2013). Effect of protected methionine supplementation on milk production and reproduction in first calf heifers. Archive Tierzucht, 56:225-236.
    17. Hutjen, M.F. (1991). Feed additives. Veterinary Clinics North America. Food Animal Practice, 7:525-535.
    18. ICAR. (2013). Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, New Delhi, India.
    19. Lewis, K., Tzilivakis, J., Green, A., Warner, D., Stedman, A. (2013). Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effects on the environment: Mode of action and assessment of efficacy. EFSA supporting publication, EN-440.
    20. Lokesha, E., Dhinesh, K.R., Srinivas. B. (2017). Effect of feed additives on in vitro fermentation kinetics and substrate utilization with and without buffer. Applied Biological Research, 19:56-62. 
    21. Longuski, R.A., Ying, Y., Allen, M.S. (2009). Yeast culture supplementation prevented milk fat depression by a short-term dietary challenge with fermentable starch. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:160-167.
    22. Malik, R. and Srinivas, B. (2010). Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on feed efficiency and growth of male buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42:1263-1269.
    23. Salem, A.Z.M., Gado, H.M., Colombatto, D., Eghandour, M.M.Y. (2013). Effect of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in beef steers. Livestock Science, 154:69-73.
    24. Shin, J.H., Wang, D., Kim, S.C., Adesogan, A.T., Staples, C.R. (2012). Effects of feeding crude glycerin on performance and ruminal kinetics of lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95:4006-4016.
    25. Silva, L.S., Leilson, R.B., Aderbal, M.A.S., Heloisa, C., Milena, N.M., Ronaldo, L.O. (2015). In vitro degradation and gas production of glycerin generated in the biodiesel production chain. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences Maringa, 37:265-272.
    26. Srinivas, B. and Srinath, M. (2015) Impact of dual organism probiotics supplement on intake and milk yield during early, mid and late lactation in cows. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 86:104-107.
    27. Tarek, A.M., Ahmed, E.K., Sobhy, M.K., Abdelkader, M.K., Abdelfattah, Z.M.S. (2015). Effects of two enzyme feed additives on digestion and milk production in lactating Egyptian buffaloes. Annals of Animal Science, 89:97-103.
    28. Titi, H.H. (2003). Evaluation of feeding a fibrolytic enzyme to lactating dairy cows on their lactation performance. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 5:677-684.
    29. Wang, C., Liu, Q., Huo, W.J., Yang, W.Z., Dong, K.H., Huang, Y.X., Guo, G. (2009). Effects of glycerol on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers. Livestock Science, 121:15-20. 
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