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Research Article

volume 53 issue 6 (june 2019) : 799-806,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3570

Pathological description of naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis associated pneumonia in bovine calves

P
Pankaj Goswami
H
Harmanjit Sing Banga
V
Vishal Mahajan
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India.</div>
Cite article:- Goswami Pankaj, Banga Sing Harmanjit, Mahajan Vishal (2019). Pathological description of naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis associated pneumonia in bovine calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(6): 799-806. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3570.

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine respiratory infection and predominantly causing chronic pneumonic lesion. The present study encompassed standardized pathological, immunohistological and molecular technique for diagnosing natural bovine pneumonic cases with Mycoplasma bovis associated lesions. During the study, examination of 87 carcasses putatively died of pneumonia where Mycoplasma bovis was ascertained in two bovine female calves by immunohistological staining and Polymerase chain reaction. The specific pathological lesions were noted as chronic bronchopneumonia with mild to moderate caseonecrotic lesion and suppurative bronchopneumonia typical of Pasteurella infection. The other bacterial organism associated with these cases was found to be of Pasteurella multocida detected on isolation. No viral etiological association was detected in immunohistological examination in respect of bovine parainfluenza type 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The result also revealed that M bovis infection may develop into a severe necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia when associated with high numbers of intralesional organism and into mild catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia when associated with low numbers of organism. 

REFERENCES

  1. Adegboye, D.S., Halbur, P.G., Cavanaugh, D.L., Werdin, R.E., Chase, C.C.L., Miskimins, D.W., Rosenbusch, R.F. (1995). Immunohistochemical and pathological study of Mycoplasma associated lung abspcesses in calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7: 333-337.
  2. Bashiruddin, J.B., Frey, J., Konigsson, M.H., Johansson, K.E, Hotzel, H., Diller, R., De Santis, P., et al. (2005). Evaluation of PCR systems for the identification and differentiation of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis: a collaborative trial. The Veterinary Journal 169:268-75.
  3. Booker, C.W., Abutarbush, S.M., Morley, P.S., Jim, G.K., Pittman, T.J., Schunicht, O.C., Perrett, T., et al. (2008). Microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Western Canada. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49: 473-81.
  4. Caswell, J. L. and Archambault, M. (2008). Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia in cattle. Animal Health Research and Review, 8: 161–186.
  5. Caswell, J.L, Bateman, K.G., Cai, H.Y., Castillo, F. (2010). Mycoplasma bovis in respiratory disease of feedlot cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 26: 365-379.
  6. Colin, J., Bell, P.B., Mark, E., Tony, I.A.P. Patterson, S.E., Angela L.M., Hywel J.B. (2014). Investigation of polymerase chain reaction assays to improve detection of bacterial involvement in bovine respiratory disease. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 26: 631-34.
  7. Cusack. P.M., McMeniman, N., Lean, I.J. (2003). The medicine and epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease in feedlots. Australian Veterinary Journal, 81: 480-487.
  8. Finch, J.M. and Howard, C.J. (1990). Inhibitory effects of Mycoplasma dispar and Mycoplasma bovis on bovine immune response in vitro In: Stanek G, Caswell G H and Tully J G (eds.) Recent aAdvances in Mycoplasmology. pp. 563-69. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, New York.
  9. Gagea, M.I., Bateman, K.G., Shanahan, R.A. (2006). Naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis-associated pneumonia and polyarthritis in feedlot beef calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,18: 29–40.
  10. Geary, S.J., Tourtellotte, M.E., Cameron, J.A. (1981). Inflammatory toxin from Mycoplasma bovis: isolation and characterization. Science, 212: 1032-33.
  11. Haines, D., Martin, K.M., Clark, E.G., Jim, G. K., Janzen, D. (2001). The immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 42: 857-60.
  12. Hermeyer, K., Buchenau, I., Thomasmeyer, A., Baum, B., Spergser, J., Rosengarten, R., Hewicker-Trautwein, M. (2012a). Chronic pneumonia in calves after experimental infection with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067: Characterization of lung pathology, persistence of variable surface protein antigen and local immune response. Acta Veterinaria Scandinevica, 54: 9-19.
  13. Hermeyer, K., Peters, M., Brugmann, M., Jacobsen, B., Hewicker-Trautwein, M. (2012b). Demonstration of Mycoplasma bovis by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in an aborted bovine fetus and neonatal calf. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 24: 364-69.
  14. Hotchkiss, E.J., Dagleish, M.P., Willoughby, K., Mckendrick, L.J., Finlayson, J., Zadoks, R. N., et al. (2010). Prevalence of Pasteurella multocida and other respiratory pathogens in the nasal tract of Scottish calves. Veterinary Record, 167: 555-60.
  15. Jones, R., Baskerville, A., Reid, L. (1975). Histochemical identification of glycoproteins in pig bronchial epithelium: (a) normal and (b) hypertrophied from enzootic pneumonia. Journal of Pathology, 116: 1-11.
  16. Khodakaram, T.A., Lopez, A. (2004). Immunohistopathological findings in the lungs of calves naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis. Journal of Veterinary & Medical Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 51: 10-14.
  17. Kinde, H., Daft, B.M., Walker, R.L. (1993). Mycoplasma bovis associated with decubital abscess in yncytia calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5: 194-97.
  18. Maeda, T., Shibahara, T., Kimura, K., Wada, Y., Sato, K., Imada, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Kadota, K. (2003). Mycoplasma bovis associated suppurative otitis media and pneumonia in bull calves. Journal of Comparative Pathology,129: 100-10.
  19. Maunsell, F.P. and Donovan, G.A. (2009). Mycoplasma bovis infections in young calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 25: 139-77.
  20. Pinnow, C.C., Butler, J.A., Sachse, K., Hotzel, H., Timms, L.L., Rosenbusch, R.F.( 2001). Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in preservative treated milk samples. Journal of Dairy Science, 84: 1640-45.
  21. Radaelli, E., Luini, M., Domeneghini, C., Loria, G.R., Recordati, C., Radaelli, P., Scanziani, P. (2009). Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules in chronic pulmonary Mycoplasma bovis infection in cattle. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 140: 198-02.
  22. Radaelli, E., Luini, M., Loria, G.R., Nicholas, R.A.J., Scanziani, E. (2008). Bacteriological, serological, pathological and immuno-    histochemical studies of Mycoplasma bovis respiratory infection in veal calves and adult cattle at slaughter. Research Veterinary Science, 85:282-90.
  23. Rodriguez, F., Bryson, D.G., Ball, H.J, Forster, F. (1996). Pathological and immunohistochemical studies of natural and experimental Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia in calves. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 115: 151-62.
  24. Rodriguez, F., Gonzalez, J.F., Arbelo, M., Zucca, D., Fernandez, A. (2015). Cytokine expression in lungs of calves spontaneously infected with Mycoplasma bovis. Veterinary Research Communication, 39: 69-72.
  25. Schott, C., Cai, H., Parker, L., Bateman, K.G., Caswell, J.L. (2014). Hydrogen peroxide production and free radical mediated cell stress in Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 150: 127-37.
  26. Shahriar, F.M., Clark, E.G., Janzen, E. (2002). Coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 43: 863-68.
  27. Tegtmeier C, Angen O, Ahrens P. 2000. Comparison of bacterial cultivation, PCR in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry as tools for diagnosis of Haemophilus somnus pneumonia in cattle. Veterinary Microbiology, 76: 385-94. 
  28. Ter Laak, E.A., Wentink, G.H., Zimmer, G.M. (1992). Increased prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in the Netherlands. Veterinary Quarterly, 14: 100-04.
  29. Thomas, A., Ball, H., Dizier, I., Trolin, A., Bell, C., Mainil, J., Linden, A. (2002). Isolation of Mycoplasma species from the lower respiratory tract of healthy cattle and cattle with respiratory disease in Belgium. Veterinary Record, 151: 472-76.
  30. Thomas, L.H., Howard, C.J., Stott, E.J., Parson, K.R. (1986). Mycoplasma bovis infection in gnotobiotic calves and combined infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Pathology, 23: 571-78.
  31. Umemory, Y., Hiraki, A., Murakami, T., Aoe, K., Matsuda, E., Makihara, S., Takeyma, H. (2005). Chronic lung abscess with Pasteurella multocida infection. Internal Medicine, 44: 754-56.
  32. Wawegama, N.K., Kanci, A., Marenda, M.S., Mansell, P.D., Browning, G.F., Markham, P.F. (2012). Histochemical and morphometric characterization of broncho-pneumonia in calves caused by infection with Mycoplasma bovis. Veterinary Microbiology, 158: 220-24. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 6 (june 2019) : 799-806,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3570

    Pathological description of naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis associated pneumonia in bovine calves

    P
    Pankaj Goswami
    H
    Harmanjit Sing Banga
    V
    Vishal Mahajan
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India.</div>
    Cite article:- Goswami Pankaj, Banga Sing Harmanjit, Mahajan Vishal (2019). Pathological description of naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis associated pneumonia in bovine calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(6): 799-806. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3570.

    ABSTRACT

    Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine respiratory infection and predominantly causing chronic pneumonic lesion. The present study encompassed standardized pathological, immunohistological and molecular technique for diagnosing natural bovine pneumonic cases with Mycoplasma bovis associated lesions. During the study, examination of 87 carcasses putatively died of pneumonia where Mycoplasma bovis was ascertained in two bovine female calves by immunohistological staining and Polymerase chain reaction. The specific pathological lesions were noted as chronic bronchopneumonia with mild to moderate caseonecrotic lesion and suppurative bronchopneumonia typical of Pasteurella infection. The other bacterial organism associated with these cases was found to be of Pasteurella multocida detected on isolation. No viral etiological association was detected in immunohistological examination in respect of bovine parainfluenza type 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The result also revealed that M bovis infection may develop into a severe necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia when associated with high numbers of intralesional organism and into mild catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia when associated with low numbers of organism. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Adegboye, D.S., Halbur, P.G., Cavanaugh, D.L., Werdin, R.E., Chase, C.C.L., Miskimins, D.W., Rosenbusch, R.F. (1995). Immunohistochemical and pathological study of Mycoplasma associated lung abspcesses in calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7: 333-337.
    2. Bashiruddin, J.B., Frey, J., Konigsson, M.H., Johansson, K.E, Hotzel, H., Diller, R., De Santis, P., et al. (2005). Evaluation of PCR systems for the identification and differentiation of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis: a collaborative trial. The Veterinary Journal 169:268-75.
    3. Booker, C.W., Abutarbush, S.M., Morley, P.S., Jim, G.K., Pittman, T.J., Schunicht, O.C., Perrett, T., et al. (2008). Microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Western Canada. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49: 473-81.
    4. Caswell, J. L. and Archambault, M. (2008). Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia in cattle. Animal Health Research and Review, 8: 161–186.
    5. Caswell, J.L, Bateman, K.G., Cai, H.Y., Castillo, F. (2010). Mycoplasma bovis in respiratory disease of feedlot cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 26: 365-379.
    6. Colin, J., Bell, P.B., Mark, E., Tony, I.A.P. Patterson, S.E., Angela L.M., Hywel J.B. (2014). Investigation of polymerase chain reaction assays to improve detection of bacterial involvement in bovine respiratory disease. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 26: 631-34.
    7. Cusack. P.M., McMeniman, N., Lean, I.J. (2003). The medicine and epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease in feedlots. Australian Veterinary Journal, 81: 480-487.
    8. Finch, J.M. and Howard, C.J. (1990). Inhibitory effects of Mycoplasma dispar and Mycoplasma bovis on bovine immune response in vitro In: Stanek G, Caswell G H and Tully J G (eds.) Recent aAdvances in Mycoplasmology. pp. 563-69. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, New York.
    9. Gagea, M.I., Bateman, K.G., Shanahan, R.A. (2006). Naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis-associated pneumonia and polyarthritis in feedlot beef calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,18: 29–40.
    10. Geary, S.J., Tourtellotte, M.E., Cameron, J.A. (1981). Inflammatory toxin from Mycoplasma bovis: isolation and characterization. Science, 212: 1032-33.
    11. Haines, D., Martin, K.M., Clark, E.G., Jim, G. K., Janzen, D. (2001). The immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 42: 857-60.
    12. Hermeyer, K., Buchenau, I., Thomasmeyer, A., Baum, B., Spergser, J., Rosengarten, R., Hewicker-Trautwein, M. (2012a). Chronic pneumonia in calves after experimental infection with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067: Characterization of lung pathology, persistence of variable surface protein antigen and local immune response. Acta Veterinaria Scandinevica, 54: 9-19.
    13. Hermeyer, K., Peters, M., Brugmann, M., Jacobsen, B., Hewicker-Trautwein, M. (2012b). Demonstration of Mycoplasma bovis by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in an aborted bovine fetus and neonatal calf. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 24: 364-69.
    14. Hotchkiss, E.J., Dagleish, M.P., Willoughby, K., Mckendrick, L.J., Finlayson, J., Zadoks, R. N., et al. (2010). Prevalence of Pasteurella multocida and other respiratory pathogens in the nasal tract of Scottish calves. Veterinary Record, 167: 555-60.
    15. Jones, R., Baskerville, A., Reid, L. (1975). Histochemical identification of glycoproteins in pig bronchial epithelium: (a) normal and (b) hypertrophied from enzootic pneumonia. Journal of Pathology, 116: 1-11.
    16. Khodakaram, T.A., Lopez, A. (2004). Immunohistopathological findings in the lungs of calves naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis. Journal of Veterinary & Medical Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 51: 10-14.
    17. Kinde, H., Daft, B.M., Walker, R.L. (1993). Mycoplasma bovis associated with decubital abscess in yncytia calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5: 194-97.
    18. Maeda, T., Shibahara, T., Kimura, K., Wada, Y., Sato, K., Imada, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Kadota, K. (2003). Mycoplasma bovis associated suppurative otitis media and pneumonia in bull calves. Journal of Comparative Pathology,129: 100-10.
    19. Maunsell, F.P. and Donovan, G.A. (2009). Mycoplasma bovis infections in young calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 25: 139-77.
    20. Pinnow, C.C., Butler, J.A., Sachse, K., Hotzel, H., Timms, L.L., Rosenbusch, R.F.( 2001). Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in preservative treated milk samples. Journal of Dairy Science, 84: 1640-45.
    21. Radaelli, E., Luini, M., Domeneghini, C., Loria, G.R., Recordati, C., Radaelli, P., Scanziani, P. (2009). Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules in chronic pulmonary Mycoplasma bovis infection in cattle. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 140: 198-02.
    22. Radaelli, E., Luini, M., Loria, G.R., Nicholas, R.A.J., Scanziani, E. (2008). Bacteriological, serological, pathological and immuno-    histochemical studies of Mycoplasma bovis respiratory infection in veal calves and adult cattle at slaughter. Research Veterinary Science, 85:282-90.
    23. Rodriguez, F., Bryson, D.G., Ball, H.J, Forster, F. (1996). Pathological and immunohistochemical studies of natural and experimental Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia in calves. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 115: 151-62.
    24. Rodriguez, F., Gonzalez, J.F., Arbelo, M., Zucca, D., Fernandez, A. (2015). Cytokine expression in lungs of calves spontaneously infected with Mycoplasma bovis. Veterinary Research Communication, 39: 69-72.
    25. Schott, C., Cai, H., Parker, L., Bateman, K.G., Caswell, J.L. (2014). Hydrogen peroxide production and free radical mediated cell stress in Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 150: 127-37.
    26. Shahriar, F.M., Clark, E.G., Janzen, E. (2002). Coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 43: 863-68.
    27. Tegtmeier C, Angen O, Ahrens P. 2000. Comparison of bacterial cultivation, PCR in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry as tools for diagnosis of Haemophilus somnus pneumonia in cattle. Veterinary Microbiology, 76: 385-94. 
    28. Ter Laak, E.A., Wentink, G.H., Zimmer, G.M. (1992). Increased prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in the Netherlands. Veterinary Quarterly, 14: 100-04.
    29. Thomas, A., Ball, H., Dizier, I., Trolin, A., Bell, C., Mainil, J., Linden, A. (2002). Isolation of Mycoplasma species from the lower respiratory tract of healthy cattle and cattle with respiratory disease in Belgium. Veterinary Record, 151: 472-76.
    30. Thomas, L.H., Howard, C.J., Stott, E.J., Parson, K.R. (1986). Mycoplasma bovis infection in gnotobiotic calves and combined infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Pathology, 23: 571-78.
    31. Umemory, Y., Hiraki, A., Murakami, T., Aoe, K., Matsuda, E., Makihara, S., Takeyma, H. (2005). Chronic lung abscess with Pasteurella multocida infection. Internal Medicine, 44: 754-56.
    32. Wawegama, N.K., Kanci, A., Marenda, M.S., Mansell, P.D., Browning, G.F., Markham, P.F. (2012). Histochemical and morphometric characterization of broncho-pneumonia in calves caused by infection with Mycoplasma bovis. Veterinary Microbiology, 158: 220-24. 
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